By law and Southern social convention, household heads were adult, white propertied males, and all white women and all African Americans were thought to require protection and guidance because they lacked the capacity for reason and self-control.

By about 90 days, they have achieved full adult fur and coloring, and begin to venture out of the nest.

By the time Fersen returned to Versailles in 1784, it was widely thought that the sickly Dauphin would not live to be an adult.

By living in distinct environments, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population.

By analogy to the neurotic behavior in monkeys, he suggested that these developmental abnormalities are a major cause of adult violence amongst humans.

By the early to mid-1980s, the adult film industry began the transition of making porn movies on videotape instead of film.

By the late 1960s, Anka's career centered around adult contemporary and big-band standards, played regularly in Las Vegas.

By 1987, WLS was an adult contemporary station during the day and talk at night.

Phoenix's work encompassed 24 films and television appearances, including the science fiction adventure film Explorers, the coming-of-age film Stand By Me, the action sequel Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and the independent adult drama My Own Private Idaho.

By the time the United States entered World War II, Skeezix was a fully-grown adult, courting girls and serving in the armed forces.

By examining larvae, he identified underdeveloped adult features in pre-adult animals.

By the 1950s, the toy piano market was dominated by two main toy piano makers: Jaymar and Schoenhut-counterparts to the Steinway and Baldwin for adult pianos.

" By 1849 it had developed its modern sense as an adult cattle handler of the American West.

By the late 1970s, the story lines had the adult characters becoming increasingly frustrated with Big Bird using Snuffleupagus as a scapegoat whenever something went wrong while they were out of the room.

By October, it adopted a more mainstream adult contemporary format and ratings began to go up slightly.

By the 1980s, more than 100, 000 adult American White Pelicans were estimated to exist in the wild, with 33, 000 nests altogether in the 50 colonies in Canada, and 18, 500 nests in the 14-17 United States colonies.

By 2010, the number of adult tigers has reached 155.

By teenage and adult age, its walls have thickened to three to six times greater than that of the right ventricle.

By the third year, the young gulls resemble a streakier, dirtier-looking version of the adult.

By September the adult male ranks at Parihaka were so depleted, the constabulary were manhandling young boys and old men, whose fences were often only symbolic, consisting of sticks and branches.

By midsummer, the first adult workers emerge and assume the tasks of nest expansion, foraging for food, care of the queen and larvae, and colony defense.

By mid-adolescence the adult size is achieved.

By the early 1960s, up to 100, 000 Ovimbundu, estimated at one-quarter of the group's able-bodied adult males, were migrating on one-year and two-year labor contracts to the coffee plantations of Uíge and Cuanza Norte provinces ; another 15, 000 to 20, 000 sought work in Luanda and Lobito ; and roughly the same number worked in the industrial plants of Huambo or for European farmers in the Benguela Plateau.

Rummel ( 1997 ) states that " By democracy is meant liberal democracy, where those who hold power are elected in competitive elections with a secret ballot and wide franchise ( loosely understood as including at least 2 / 3 of adult males ); where there is freedom of speech, religion, and organization ; and a constitutional framework of law to which the government is subordinate and that guarantees equal rights.

By applying this general principle, a great number of complex compounds of osmium, ruthenium, iridium, and rhenium, with triphenylphosphine, triphenylarsine, and triphenylstibine have been obtained in this laboratory during the past few years.

By the conditions accepted in the treaty, the Avars were to take possession of Pannonia and the Lombards were promised military support in Italy should the need arise ; also, for a period of 200 years the Lombards were to maintain the right to reclaim their former territories if the plan to conquer Italy failed, thus leaving Alboin with an alternative open.

By the early 5th century Britain had been Roman for over three hundred and fifty years.

By the age of 64 after forty years imprisonment ` Abdu ’ l-Bahá was freed by the Young Turks and he and his family began to live in relative safety.

By lowering the activation energy, the enzyme speeds up that reaction by a rate of 10 < sup > 11 </ sup > or more: a reaction that would normally take over 3, 000 years to complete spontaneously might take less than a second with an enzyme.

By his advice Benedict became a hermit and for three years, unknown to men, lived in this cave above the lake.

" By 1928, Fuller was living in Greenwich Village and spending much of his time at the popular café Romany Marie's, where he had spent an evening in conversation with Marie and Eugene O ' Neill several years earlier.

By then Jacob had become over 100 years old.

By the time Esther was written, the foreign power visible on the horizon as a future threat to Judah was the Macedonians of Alexander the Great, who defeated the Persian empire about 150 years after the time of the story of Esther ; the Septuagint version noticeably calls Haman a " bully " ( βουγαῖον ) where the Hebrew text describes him as an Agagite.

By managing the European and African populations as one-by strategic exports from Europe combined with in-situ transfers, gene-loss is reduced to 0. 72 % every 100 years with both populations remaining stable.

By imposing, retrospectively, his own perceptions of mobile warfare upon the shallow concept of blitzkrieg, he " created a theoretical imbroglio that has taken 40 years to unravel.

By the last years of the 19th century, The British Museum's collections had increased so much that the Museum building was no longer big enough for them.

By the time the inquiry had retired to write up its findings, it had interviewed over 900 witnesses, over seven years, making it the biggest investigation in British legal history.

By 1935, the only significant independent nation that did not possess a central bank was Brazil, which subsequently developed a precursor thereto in 1945 and the present central bank twenty years later.

By the time of the Tang Dynasty five-hundred years after Buddhisms arrival into China, it had transformed into a thoroughly Chinese religious philosophy dominated by the school of Zen Buddhism.

By the time Confucius was 50 years old, the Ji family had consolidated their power in the Lu state over the ruling ducal house.

By 1982, the perceived passivity of the FARC, together with the relative success of the government's efforts against the M-19 and ELN, enabled the administration of the Liberal Party's Julio César Turbay ( 1978 – 1982 ) to lift a state-of-siege decree that had been in effect, on and off, for most of the previous 30 years.

By 14 he had already written a short adventure novel called The Black Diamonds which was lost for years until published in 2002.

By the 1990s Conservative Judaism continued to flourish, yet dichotomies of practice and belief, which had been present for years, began to formulate.

By 40 million years ago, the first clearly identifiable member of the dog family, Canidae, had arisen.

By the time he stepped down in 1988 he had completed 13 years at the production helm.

By the early 940s Constantine was an old man, perhaps more than 70 years of age.

By 1976 the cost of the cheapest 4-function pocket calculator had dropped to a few dollars, about one 20th of the cost five years earlier.

By the time the anti-popes were all deposed and the new Pope, Martin V, was elected, two years had passed since Gregory XII's abdication, and Gregory was already dead.

By contrast, Unitarian membership more than tripled in the same fifteen years.