By construction, hypothesis testing limits the rate

By careful testing and adjusting the proportions and grinding time, powder from mills such as at Essonne outside Paris became the best in the world by 1788, and inexpensive.

By 2000, most large-scale ( Mach-like ) efforts had ended, although OpenStep used an adapted Mach kernel called XNU, which is now used in the OS known as Darwin, which is the open source part of Mac OS X .. As of 2012, the Mach-based GNU Hurd is also functional and its inclusion in testing versions of Arch Linux and Debian in progress.

By 1987 the list included the Encore Multimax and Sequent Balance machines, testing Mach's ability to run on multiprocessor systems.

By 1961, several test articles were ready for testing from USAF B-52 bombers, with drop-tests starting in January.

By the spring of 1956 they had a near-final design, which was awarded a preproduction contract for 1, 000 M18A1 claymores designated T-48E1 during testing.

By the end of World War Two, the US had built eight new wind tunnels, including the largest one in the world at Moffett Field near Sunnyvale, California, which was designed to test full size aircraft at speeds of less than 250 mph and a vertical wind tunnel at Wright Field, Ohio, where the wind stream is upwards for the testing of models in spin situations and the concepts and engineering designs for the first primitive helicopters flown in the US.

By the end of 2012 cargo supply to the International Space Station will be flown by privately owned commercial craft under NASA's Commercial Resupply Services by SpaceX's successfully tested the partially reusable Dragon spacecraft, and Orbital Sciences ' Cygnus spacecraft ( also slated for testing in 2012 ).

By focussing on just a few of these highly variable minisatellites, DNA profiling made the system more sensitive, more reproducible, and amenable to computer databasing, and soon became the standard forensic DNA system used in criminal case work and paternity testing worldwide.

By testing various hypotheses, these researchers hope to discover the unique mechanism that causes the spontaneous pain of CRPS and that discovery may lead to new ways of blocking pain.

By the end of 1979, researchers had identified three variant forms of GM2 gangliosidosis, including Sandhoff disease and the AB variant of GM2-gangliosidosis, accounting for false negatives in carrier testing.

By early 1984, work on Mir had ground to a halt while all resources were being put into the Buran programme in order to prepare the Buran spacecraft for flight testing.

By testing historically verifiable cases where we have knowledge of t through non-linguistic data ( e. g. the approximate distance from Classical Latin to modern Romance languages ), Swadesh arrived at the empirical value of approximately 0. 14 for L ( meaning that the rate of replacement constitutes around 14 words from the 100-wordlist per millennium ).

By testing a person's abilities on each of the four branches of emotional intelligence, it generates scores for each of the branches as well as a total score.

By processing ' blocks ' of several array elements at a time, individually addressed, ( for example, within a loop ), much pointer arithmetic and end of loop testing can be eliminated, resulting in decreased instruction path lengths.

By the time of his rehabilitation in 1955, Tupolev had designed and was about to start testing his unique turboprop strategic bomber, the Tu-95.

By contrast, eosinophilia is almost guaranteed in cases of loiasis, and blood testing for eosinophile fraction may be useful.

By the mid-1950s, the bulk of the information cadaver testing could provide had been harvested.

By testing the parts of a program first and then testing the sum of its parts, integration testing becomes much easier.

By keeping such automated testing code, programmers can verify that they haven't broken something along the way.

By May 1998 Acorn started to offer their ' Registered Developer ' scheme members the chance to pre-order a pre-launch prototype for testing and development, these were offered at a £ 950 ( ex VAT ) a significant discount on the public price of £ 1500 ( ex VAT ) revealed in June ..

By the time the prototype was ready for testing, it weighed over 12, 550 lb., over the Army's limit for the new fighter design, and far more than any single-engine fighter ever developed.

By 1991, it was relatively easy to produce gram-sized samples of fullerene powder using the techniques of Donald Huffman, Wolfgang Krätschmer and Konstantinos Fostiropoulos.

By the events told in the New Krypton storyline however, several Superman villains, like Metallo and Reactron, have acquired some kryptonite samples to use against the Kryptonians on Earth.

Soon however, Marl's records became more sample heavy, as can be seen by comparing the MC Shan LPs Down By Law ( 1987 ) and Born to be Wild ( 1988 ); the rhythms less electronic, with drum samples and patterns becoming more prominent.

By the show's end, the wooden barrel full of samples was empty.

By witnessing currents flowing through point-contacts, similar to what Bardeen and Brattain had accomplished earlier in December 1947, Mataré by June 1948, was able to produce consistent results by using samples of germanium produced by Welker.

By taking samples from different sites and different strata within a particular region, researchers can build a comprehensive historical sequence that becomes a part of the scientific record ; for example, ancient timbers found in buildings can be dated to give an indication of when the source tree was alive and growing, setting an upper limit on the age of the wood.

By the 18th century, samplers were a complete contrast to the scattered samples sewn earlier on.

The ECC is probably best known for its song " Rocked By Rape ", consisting of samples of Dan Rather's deadpan delivery describing various atrocities over looped riffs from AC / DC's " Back in Black ".

By using interference rather than absorption of light, extremely transparent samples, such as live mammalian cells, can be imaged without having to use staining techniques.

By samples of behavior, one means observations of an individual performing tasks that have usually been prescribed beforehand, which often means scores on a test.

By correlating the ages of samples obtained from the Apollo missions to known geological units, it has been possible to assign absolute ages to some of these geological periods.

By 2000, Bailey had not yet proven a link between the antique pistol and Alferd Packer, but he discovered that forensic samples from the 1989 exhumation had been archived, and analysis in 2001 with an electron microscope by Dr. Richard Dujay at Mesa State College turned up microscopic lead fragments in the soil taken from under Shannon Bell's remains that were matched by spectrograph with the bullets remaining in what was indeed Packer's pistol.

By 1982, the Fairlight CMI Series II represented another advance as it now offered more RAM-based sample memory than any other system with an improved sample rate, and in the Series III ( 1985 ) changed from 8-bit to 16-bit samples.

By June 2005 researchers and The Discovery Channel sought permission to take DNA samples from the remains of his sister, Elizabeth Tilney, located in the Church of All Saints, Shelley, near Hadleigh, and they were granted the first faculty for such purposes from the English diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich.

By way of a government bill which became the Identity Documents Act 2010, she brought about the abolition of the previous Labour government's National Identity Card and database scheme and also reformed the regulations on the retention of DNA samples for suspects and controls on the use of CCTV cameras.

By using DNA samples from many hearts, the researchers estimated that a 20-year-old renews about 1 % of heart muscle cells per year and about 45 percent of the heart muscle cells of a 50-year-old were generated after he or she was born.

By 2011, over 80 radiocarbon dates had been taken, with samples from torch marks and from the paintings themselves, as well as from animal bones and charcoal found on the cave floor.

By this time he was already collecting marine samples from Plymouth Sound and along the Devon coast.

By that time Hodgkin and Lister had already published research on tissue samples, based on observations made with Lister's innovative microscope, in particular on the " globule hypothesis " of the time which was held in particular by Henri Milne Edwards.

By 1913, after some twenty-odd thousand separate experiments, the brothers produced excellent laboratory samples of acetate continuous filament yarn.

By 1913, Camille and Henri's studies and experiments had produced excellent laboratory samples of continuous filament acetate yarn.

By studying plant samples carried on Discovery, researchers hoped to determine how the genetic material in the root cells respond to microgravity.

By collecting data from samples at various points within the process, variations in the process that may affect the quality of the end product or service can be detected and corrected, thus reducing waste as well as the likelihood that problems will be passed on to the customer.

By integrating an appropriate 4D subset of the samples in a light field, one can approximate the view that would be captured by a camera having a finite ( i. e. non-pinhole ) aperture.