By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the first widely-used passenger jet was the Boeing 707, because it was much more economical than other planes at the time.

By the late 1950s, the once-prosperous port area of downtown Manhattan was occupied by a number of dilapidated shipping piers, casualties of the rise of container shipping which drove sea traffic to Port Elizabeth, New Jersey.

By the 1950s, the television industry had become a serious competition for the movie industry.

By the middle of the decade, some of the 1950s generation of American comedians, such as Jerry Lewis, went into decline, while Peter Sellers found success with international audiences in his first American film The Pink Panther.

" By 1967, critics were suggesting that the programme no longer reflected life in 1960s Britain, but reflected how life was in the 1950s.

By the late 1950s a wave of Japanese machines forced most North American typewriter companies to cease business, but Tramiel instead turned to adding machines.

By the 1950s, Trebbiano ( which is known for its neutral flavours ) made up to 30 % of many mass-market Chiantis.

By the early 1950s the Soviet Union had seized reparations in the form of agricultural and industrial products and demanded further heavy reparation payments.

By the end of the 1950s, Japanese companies and individual investors had begun to return to the Philippines.

By the early 1960s a few sheds, a century of accumulated trash, the scientists ' house from the late 1950s and a solid, short lighthouse-like day beacon built two decades before were the only signs of human habitation on Jarvis.

By the 1950s American conservatives were emphasizing the Judeo-Christian roots of their values.

By the 1950s, MIT no longer merely benefited the industries it had worked so closely with three decades prior, and was much closer to its new patrons, philanthropic foundations and the federal government.

By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96 %.

By studying grassroots activism and the lived experiences of its participants, her high school students came to appreciate how African Americans worked to end Jim Crow laws in the 1950s.

By the 1950s, an era of every woman being able to own her own pearl necklace had begun, and natural pearls were reduced to a small, exclusive niche in the pearl industry.

By the early 1950s the 356 had gained some renown among enthusiasts on both sides of the Atlantic for its aerodynamics, handling, and excellent build quality.

By the late 1950s, the contest exchange was expanded to include band used.

By the late 1950s, new organizations focused on amateur radioteletype started to appear.

By the late 1950s, when other emerging nations across the African Continent were demanding independence, a small group of São Toméans had formed the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe ( MLSTP ), which eventually established its base in nearby Gabon.

By the end of the 1950s, SAC had identified 20, 000 potential Soviet target sites and had officially designated 3, 560 of those sites as bombing targets, with the significant percentage being counterforce targets of Soviet air defense, airfields and suspected missile sites.

By the late 1950s, as missiles developed both in quality and number, the ability for the US air fleet to penetrate Soviet airspace was increasingly at risk.

By the early 1950s, Toledo annually trailed the other seven Association clubs in attendance, reaching a desperation point in mid-season of 1952.

By the late 1950s it was routine for special-quality small-signal tubes to last for hundreds of thousands of hours, if operated conservatively.

By the 1950s, in the United States, it had become rare for women to go into their wedding nights not knowing what to expect.

By then Wilson was the last surviving member of Attlee's cabinet and the unveiling of the statue would be the last public appearance by Wilson, who was by then in the first stages of Alzheimer's Disease and who died in May 1995 after a decade of ill health.

By 1525 Henry was infatuated with his mistress Anne Boleyn and dissatisfied that his marriage to Catherine had produced no surviving sons, leaving their daughter, the future Mary I of England, as heiress presumptive at a time when there was no established precedent for a woman on the throne.

By coincidence, on the same day that Garnet was found, the surviving conspirators were arraigned in Westminster Hall.

By the time the Spanish came to Honduras, the once great city-state of Copán was overrun by the jungle, and the surviving Ch ’ orti ’ were isolated from their Choltian linguistic peers to the west.

" By the middle of the 9th century, however, a form of neumatic notation began to develop in monasteries in Europe as a mnemonic device for Gregorian chant, using symbols known as neumes ; the earliest surviving musical notation of this type is in the Musica disciplina of Aurelian of Réôme, from about 850.

By this time, most of the surviving black citizens had either fled the city or were in custody at the various detention centers.

By his wife, Richenza of Northeim, Lothair had only one surviving child, a daughter Gertrude, born April 18, 1115.

By the end of the 19th century, the surviving Apache no longer remembered such groups.

By the terms of the English Act of Settlement 1701, George's mother, Sophia, was designated as the heir to the English throne if the then reigning monarch ( William III ) and his sister-in-law, Princess Anne of Denmark ( later Queen Anne ) died without surviving issue.

By the time of his death, his only surviving sons were James Brown Clay and John Morrison Clay, who inherited the estate and took portions for use.

By her he had ten children, four sons and three daughters surviving at the time of her death in 1818.

By exception the three surviving lodges that formed the world's first known Grand Lodge in London ( today called the United Grand Lodge of England ) have the unique privilege to operate as time immemorial i. e. without such warrant ; only one other lodge operates without a warrant-this is the Grand Stewards ' Lodge in London, although it is not also entitled to the " time immemorial " title.

By the time the last surviving member of the expedition made it to Taos on February 12, 1849, 10 of the party had died.

By the end of the novel, he is the last surviving member of the Creedish Church / cult.

By all press accounts, he left no surviving relatives.

By the early 1900s, Ulysses was the last surviving town in Grant County, Kansas, and by 1906, Ulysses was faced with increasingly hard times and desperation.

By surviving accounts, he didn't try to push his new beliefs on others.

By the end of the century, it was a virtual ghost town, a rural health clinic one of its few surviving businesses.

By the next century the iconic depiction of the Virgin enthroned carrying the infant Christ was established, as in the example from the only group of icons surviving from this period, at Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai.

By the time Creedence Clearwater Revival was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993, John Fogerty refused to perform with his surviving bandmates Stu Cook and Doug Clifford.

By comparison, the Alexandrian text-type is witnessed by nine surviving uncials earlier than the ninth century ( including the Codex Alexandrinus outside the Gospels ); and is also usually considered to be demonstrated in three earlier papyri.

By the end of the war, the only surviving O. T. O.

By the time she began her acting career in 1883, two of Robson's three children died ; the surviving child was Edward Gore.

By his first marriage, he had seven children, two sons and a daughter surviving infancy.