By the 1970s the authors of volumes such as Reinventing Anthropology worried about anthropology's relevance.

By the 1970s the shift was underway from the earlier economic history to cultural history and the history of mentalities.

By the 1970s the government adopted a policy of keeping employment artificially high in the declining industry.

By the 1970s the Museum was again expanding.

By the 1970s the area was notorious for street robberies and drug dealing.

By the mid-1950s the system was being used in at least sixty British libraries and in a hundred by the 1970s.

By the mid 1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again movement.

By 1968, the design had reached the one known today, and has been used continuously from this year, apart from a period in the 1970s when the just the letters CAFC appeared on the team's shirts.

By 1982 the stagnation of the Soviet economy was obvious, as evidenced by the fact that the Soviet Union had been importing grain from the U. S. throughout the 1970s, but the system was so firmly entrenched that any real change seemed impossible.

By the late 1970s, two and a half million British homes received their television service via cable.

By the early 1970s electronic pocket calculators ended manufacture of mechanical calculators, although the Curta remains a popular collectable item.

By the late 1970s, RCA decided to remove Atkins from his producing duties and replace him with younger men.

By the late 1970s, a strong anti-disco sentiment developed among rock fans and musicians, particularly in the United States.

By the late 1970s, melodrama was nearly finished as an overt genre, as the hunger for realism dominated film in groundbreaking movies like Martin Scorsese's Mean Streets.

By the late 1970s the good times were over for both downtown and local businesses and industries.

By the late 1970s, the EPLF had become the dominant armed Eritrean group fighting against the Ethiopian Government, and Isaias Afewerki had emerged as its leader.

During the late 1970s he acquired a large public audience as a critic of the then Labour government's disregard of civil liberties ; his writings from this time are collected in Writing By Candlelight ( 1980 ).

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By the late 1970s, these had achieved only mixed results due to flaws in the planning process as well as inadequate funding and a shortage of the skilled managers and technicians needed for implementation.

By the early 1970s, the picture changed: software costs were dramatically increasing, a growing software industry was competing with the hardware manufacturer's bundled software products ( free in that the cost was included in the hardware cost ), leased machines required software support while providing no revenue for software, and some customers able to better meet their own needs did not want the costs of " free " software bundled with hardware product costs.

By the late 1970s, many companies around the world ( but especially Japan ), entered the fax market.

By the early 1970s there were 22 associations with women's sections in the FIH and 36 associations in the IFWHA.

By the mid 1970s, there were enough media zines being published that adzines existed just to advertise all of the other zines available.

By the 1970s the science fiction community was confronting questions of feminism and sexism within science fiction culture itself.

By the 1970s and 1980s, true female heroes started to emerge on the pages of comics.

By 1853 it had become a busy promenade for Melbourne residents.

By 1876 North had ceased to function due to troubles, but managed to secure an amalgamation with Albert Park to form “ North Melbourne Cum Albert Park ”.

By 1975 they had recruited Louisa Wisseling, a semi-professional folk singer formerly with Melbourne group the Settlers.

By the time she was 16, she earned a berth on the U. S. Olympic track and field team and came home from the 1956 Melbourne Games with an Olympic bronze medal in the 4 x 100 m relay to show her high school classmates.

By the mid 1970s, as other cities became increasingly choked in traffic and air pollution, Melbourne was convinced that its decision to retain its trams was the correct one, even though patronage had been declining since the 1950s in the face of increasing use of cars and the shift to the outer suburbs, beyond the tram network's limits.

" By God, that's true ," Melbourne said, " I'll go!

By the 1880s, the cities along the Indian River included Melbourne, Eau Gallie, Titusville, Rockledge, and Cocoa.

By 1990 Morgan Stanley had its regional offices in Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Melbourne, Milan, Sydney and Zürich and had regional headquarters in London and Tokyo.

By the midpoint of the 2009 season, things had improved both on and off field for Melbourne.

By 2004 its fleet had expanded to five Boeing 737-300 aircraft and it was providing direct non-stop services to the Australian cities of Brisbane, Gold Coast, Newcastle, Sydney and Melbourne from Hamilton, Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin and Palmerston North.

By this marriage she had one stepson, James Vail Converse Jr ( born 18 January 1918 ), her husband's son from his first marriage to Nadine Melbourne.

By 1854 they had saved enough for the fare, departing from Liverpool in June 1854 and arriving in Melbourne in September.

By employing this concept in 1989 Fortini sent what may well have been the first text message to a friend in Melbourne Beach, Florida.

By the end of the 20th century Melbourne had 3. 8 million people.

By 1999 Kennett was voted out, but key landmarks that his government commissioned, such as the Crown Casino, the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre and the new Melbourne Museum, remain.

By early 1990, the airline had two Boeing 707-320C and operated a scheduled cargo service to Manchester, with traffic rights to Auckland, Brussels, Fukuoka, Guam, Melbourne, Nagoya, Osaka, Perth, Pusan, Singapore, Sydney, Vienna and Zurich.

By now, Richmond had shown some interest in the young centreman and received permission from Melbourne to speak with him.

By contrast, the Hume Highway ( National Highway 31 ) from Sydney to Melbourne at 870 km ( as opposed to 1040 km on Highway 1 ), and the Western and Dukes Highways ( National Highway 8 ) from Melbourne to Adelaide at 730 km ( 915 km along Highway 1 ) are far more direct.

By the early 1980s Sydney had begun to eclipse the post-punk explosion of gloomy drug-addled Melbourne with its beach culture and summery pub music scene.

By 1990 the local manufacture of amphetamines had increased to the point where the Police described Melbourne as the " amphetamine capital of Australia ".

By 1996, Southern Cross had found itself owning 4 radio stations in Melbourne ; 3AW, 3AK, 3EE, 3MP ; whereas the legal limit is two stations in a single market.

By the late 1960s, it was officially a suburban area of Melbourne and central Dandenong was transformed by modern buildings, with the redevelopment of the post office to a two storey modern building in 1960 followed by a three storey office development for AMP in 1966 and Dandenong Railway Station in 1975 .< ref name = vicrail6283 >