By the mid-19th century, Bayonne had declined somewhat with the centralisation of power to Paris and to the new département capital, non-Basque Pau, after the 1789 French Revolution, and with Wellington's bombardment.

By the American Revolution, most residents lived near the Common and Harvard College, with farms and estates comprising most of the town.

By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China.

By April, the Revolution had spread to eighteen states, including Morelos where the leader was Emiliano Zapata.

By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchical rule in France that endured until the French Revolution.

By the time of the French Revolution some, such as the Enragés, began to use the term positively, in opposition to Jacobin centralisation of power, seeing " revolutionary government " as oxymoronic.

* 1802 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution

By 1939, with the exception of Stalin himself, none of the original Bolsheviks of the October Revolution of 1917 remained in the Party.

By contrast, neighboring Chinese leader Mao Zedong was mostly ignored and Kim Il-sung rejected most of his policies such as the Hundred Flowers Campaign and ( later ) the Cultural Revolution.

By 1750, slavery was a legal institution in all of the 13 American colonies, and the profits of the slave trade and of West Indian plantations amounted to 5 % of the British economy at the time of the Industrial Revolution.

* May 20 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution.

By splitting Rhône-et-Loire the government sought to protect the French Revolution from the potential power and influence of counter revolutionary activity in the Lyon region.

The Economic Consequences of Mr. Keynes: How the Second Industrial Revolution Passed Great Britain By.

By contrast, most of the best officers in the French navy had been either executed or dismissed from the service during the early part of the French Revolution.

By the turn of the 20th century, sales started to slowly return to normal, until the industry was rocked again by the Russian Revolution and American Prohibition, which closed off two of Madeira's biggest markets.

By late 1975 however, Mao saw that Deng's economic restructuring might negate the legacy of the Cultural Revolution, and launched a campaign to oppose " rehabilitating the case for the rightists ", alluding to Deng as the country's foremost " rightist ".

By this time, the recreational or ' fun ' aspects of sexual behavior were being discussed more openly than ever before, and this more ' enlightened ' outlook resulted not just from the publication of such new books as these, but from a more pervasive Sexual Revolution that had already been well underway for some time.

By 1912, Lille's population was at 217, 000: the city profited from the Industrial Revolution, particularly via coal and the steam engine.

By the eve of the Revolution, Putnam had become a relatively prosperous farmer and tavern keeper, with more than a local reputation for his previous exploits.

By the middle of the 19th century, subsequent to the Industrial Revolution ( 1750 – 1850 ), the great expansion of the bourgeoisie social class caused its self-stratification — by business activity and by economic function — into the haute bourgeoisie ( bankers and industrialists ) and the petite bourgeoisie ( tradesmen and white-collar workers ).

By the 1920s the violence of the Mexican Revolution had largely subsided, although scattered gangs of bandits continued to terrorize the countryside.

By declaring themselves the Fourth International, the " World Party of Socialist Revolution ", the Trotskyists were publicly asserting their continuity with the Comintern, and with its predecessors.

Many of the songs on the album display experimentation with unlikely musical genres, borrowing directly from such sources as 1930s dance-hall music ( in " Honey Pie "), classical chamber music ( in " Piggies "), the avant-garde sensibilities of Yoko Ono and John Cage ( in " Revolution 9 "), country-style music ( Ringo Starr's " Don't Pass Me By "), a western-style saloon ballad (" Rocky Raccoon "), and the lush sentimentality of Henry Mancini's film scores ( in " Good Night ").

" By the eighteenth century, " man " had come to refer primarily to males ; some writers who wished to use the term in the older sense deemed it necessary to spell out their meaning: Anthony Trollope, for example, writes of " the infinite simplicity and silliness of mankind and womankind " and when " Edmund Burke, writing of the French Revolution, used men in the old, inclusive way, he took pains to spell out his meaning: ' Such a deplorable havoc is made in the minds of men ( both sexes ) in France ....'"

By 1798 however, he supported President John Adams and the Federalists ; he denounced passage of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions as he feared the social unrest and widespread executions that had followed the increasing radicalism of the French Revolution.

By July 1, six weeks from now, motel-keepers all over the nation will, by 6 p.m., be switching on that bleak -- to motorists -- sign, `` No Vacancy ''.

By French aristocrat Mélanie de Gaufridy de Dortan ( 1876 – 1937 ), he had Roger Marie Vincent Philippe Lévêque de Vilmorin ( 12 September 1905 – 20 July 1980 )

By the 1st century BC, Aediles were elected in July, and took office on the first day in January.

By July 1847, several experts had identified the skull as the deformed foetal skull of a foal or calf.

" By 24 July his fleet was resupplied and, having determined that the French must be somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean, Nelson sailed again in the direction of Morea.

By 30 July the Greek army was outnumbered by the counter-attacking Bulgarian army, which attempted to encircle the Greeks in a Cannae-type battle, by applying pressure on their flanks.

By July 1716, Mather had read an endorsement of inoculation by Dr. Emanuel Timonius of Constantinople in the Philosophical Transactions.

By the time of the 28th Congress of the CPSU in July 1990, the party was largely regarded as being unable to lead the country and had, in fifteen republics, split into opposing factions favouring either independent republics or the continuation of the Soviet Union.

" Two Women Chatting By The Sea ," St. Thomas, ( 1856 ) Camille Pissarro was born on July 10, 1830 on the island of St. Thomas to Frederick and Rachel Pissarro.

By 1 July 1933 there were 1, 463 working camps with 250, 000 junior enrollees ( 18 – 25 years of age ), 28, 000 veterans, 14, 000 American Indians, and 25, 000 Locally Enrolled ( or Experienced ) Men ( LEM ).

By July 2008 various blogs referred to " an e-mail " from a colleague of the band's attorney that suggested the issue was " amicably resolved ".

By contrast, in July Husserl resigned from the Deutsche Academie.

By early July he had been replaced and attended his first meeting of the Congress on July 7, 1778.

By late July, the spirit of popular sovereignty had spread throughout France.

By 4 July, the Australian 9th Division had entered the line in the north, and on 9 July Indian 5th Infantry Brigade also returned taking over the Ruweisat position.

By 01: 00 on 27 July, 24th Australian Infantry Brigade was to have captured the eastern end of the Miteirya ridge and would exploit toward the north-west.

By the end of July 1948 Orwell was able to return to Jura and by December he had finished the manuscript of Nineteen Eighty-Four.

By 1798, relations with France had deteriorated to the point that war seemed imminent, and on July 4, 1798, President Adams offered Washington a commission as lieutenant general and Commander-in-chief of the armies raised or to be raised for service in a prospective war.

* 1502 10 July – By a Royal Warrant passed in Toledo by Isabella I of Castile, Gibraltar was granted its coat of arms: " An escutcheon on which the upper two thirds shall be a white field and on the said field set a red castle, and below the said castle, on the other third of the escutcheon, which must be a red field in which there must be a white line between the castle and the said red field, there shall be a golden key which hangs by a chain from the said castle, as are here figured ".

By 1704 the Julian calendar was eleven days behind the Gregorian, and the siege thus began on 21 July according to the Julian.

By July 1665, plague was in the city of London itself.

By July 2009, the IHF listed 166 member federations-approximately 795, 000 teams and 19 million players.

By July 1942, the British and Indian forces in Burma had completed their fighting retreat back into India, and Alexander, having yet again been mentioned in despatches for his Burma service, was recalled to the United Kingdom.