By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By the end of 2010, Armenia ’ s external debt is projected to form about 42 percent of GDP, and 50 percent in 2012.

By the end of the reign of Naram-Sin's son, Shar-kali-sharri ( 2217 – 2193 BC ), the empire had weakened.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By the end of the novel, the elite cavalry wing is led by a dashing young warrior prince named Artos, whom Sutcliff postulates to be the real Arthur.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By the end of the book, Paul realizes that he no longer knows what to do with himself and decides that he has nothing more to lose.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ; this group of pilgrims, including Phoebe Hearst, was the first time that Bahá ' ís raised up in the West had met ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

By the end of 2013, a total of 461 km of high-speed lines are expected to be built.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By the end of the game, the ball would be dark with grass, mud, and tobacco juice, and it would be misshapen and lumpy from contact with the bat.

By convention, the top strand is written from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end ; thus, the bottom strand is written 3 ' to 5 '.

By the end of the 16th century, Bethlehem had become one of the largest villages in the District of Jerusalem, and was subdivided into seven quarters.

By the end of his sole rule ( AD 14 ), Augustus had expanded the empire to the line of the Danube river, which was to remain its central / eastern European border for its entire history ( except for the occupation of Dacia 105-275 ).

The money was devoted largely to developing “ technical advice on the conduct of defoliation and anti-crop activities in Southeast Asia .” By the end of fiscal year 1962, the Chemical Corps had let or were negotiating contracts for over one thousand chemical defoliants.

By the summer of 1823, Alcott returned to Connecticut in debt to his father, who bailed him out after his last two unsuccessful sales trips.

By the 1960s, as VFL clubs increasingly recruited the best players from other states, they began to dominate the competition and the last match was played in 1976, with North Adelaide being the last non-Victorian winner in 1972.

By the last years of the 19th century, The British Museum's collections had increased so much that the Museum building was no longer big enough for them.

By then Wilson was the last surviving member of Attlee's cabinet and the unveiling of the statue would be the last public appearance by Wilson, who was by then in the first stages of Alzheimer's Disease and who died in May 1995 after a decade of ill health.

By applying the chain rule, the last expression becomes:

By the 19th century, the season for celery had been extended, to last from the beginning of September to late in April.

By quickly setting up for the next play ( often within 5 – 10 seconds after the last play despite being afforded 45 seconds ) this hindered the other team's defense from substituting situational players, regrouping for tactics, and, some suggest, increased the defense's rate of fatigue ( This is attributed to the belief that the offense dictates when a play starts so they tend to be more mentally relaxed and prepared for the start of a play where the defense must remain on a higher level of alert before the play starts ).

By 1721, a whole generation of young Bostonians was vulnerable and memories of the last epidemic's horrors had by and large disappeared.

By 1921, most of the original players moved to Paris where Dada experienced its last major incarnation ( see Neo-Dada for later activity ).

By the summer of 1267, the country was pacified, and this spirit of reconciliation would last until the 1290s.

By comparing the parts of the genome that are not under natural selection and which therefore accumulate mutations at a fairly steady rate, it is possible to reconstruct a genetic tree incorporating the entire human species since the last shared ancestor.

By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.

By merit of their location, the Falkland Islands have often been the last refuge for ships damaged at sea.

By Fall 2011 all halls will have been renovated within the last 4 years.

By default, however, an animation displays the sequence of frames only once, stopping when the last frame is displayed.

By 1433, as a result of the defeat of the last countess of Holland in the Hook and Cod Wars, the Duke of Burgundy had assumed control over most of the Dutch-speaking territories and the concept of a nation of Dutch-speaking people was conceived.

By the mid-13th century Emirate of Granada was the only independent Muslim realm in Spain, which would last until 1492.

By 1343, last of these dynasties had ceased to exist, giving rise to the Vijayanagar empire.

By 1841, the last mai was deposed, bringing to an end the long-lived Sayfawa Dynasty.

By 1944 the last known Ivory-billed Woodpecker, a female, was gone from the cut-over tract ( Smithsonian p 98 ).

By the reign of King James I & VI, the process was completed with the plantation of the last remaining princely domains in the province of Ulster.

By April 1945, Nazi Germany faced its last days with 1. 9 million German soldiers in the East fighting 6. 4 million Red Army soldiers while 1 million German soldiers in the West battled 4 million Western Allied soldiers.

By 1791, the last ten of the proposed amendments were ratified and became the Bill of Rights.