By the start of the fourteenth century the word appeared in English texts, indicating all three senses: the most common one, the legal term and the archaic usage.

By the fourteenth century, the cloisters of monks writing in the scriptorium had almost fully given way to commercial urban scriptoria, espically in Paris, Rome and the Netherlands.

By fourteenth century standards, this was a great display of magnaminity.

By the fourteenth, Greene's army had outrun the British and crossed the Dan River at Irvine's ferry in Halifax County, Virginia with boats being delivered from Boyd's ferry in Halifax and from Dix's ferry in Pittsylvania County, Virginia.

By the fourteenth century, importing wine was a major business.

By the fourteenth century Achad Dorbchon was accepted to be the capital of the Barony of Muskerry, and was seen as a growing centre for trade, burial and religious worship.

By the time the west range was completed in the fourteenth century they were rapidly disappearing, and had all but vanished by the end of the century.

By the late fourteenth century, the means by which the King gathered his nobles and representatives of the Commons had begun to follow an established pattern.

By 1948, Hydro-Québec added a fourteenth unit and undertook the construction of the first of two upgrades at the Beauharnois generating station.

By the end of the fourteenth century the definite form of the Castilian municipal council, the ayuntamiento or cabildo, had been established.

By the beginning of the fourteenth century, the Peerage had evolved its hereditary characteristics.

By the fourteenth century these councils had gained more powers, such as the right to elect municipal magistrates and officers ( alcaldes, speakers, clerks, etc.

By the end of the thirteenth century, Islam had been established in North Sumatra ; by the fourteenth in northeast Malaya, Brunei, the southwestern Philippines and among some courtiers of East Java ; and the fifteenth in Malacca and other areas of the Malay Peninsula.

By the time Arab migrants began arriving from the east in the fourteenth century in sizeable numbers, the creed was already well established.

By the fourteenth century, damasks were being woven on draw looms in Italy.

By the fourteenth century the city had become part of the Mali Empire.

By the end of the fourteenth century, the Scariff area was under the control of the O ' Grady clan.

By the fourteenth century, lawyers were already recorded as in residence in the Temple.

By the fourteenth century the term curia regis was no longer used.

By the middle of the fourteenth century, organized communities could be seen throughout Catanduanes – a consequence of the rapid development of Southeastern Luzon initiated by the Malay settlers.

Lasker ( 1998 ) remarks that " By the fourteenth century, most likely every Iberian anti-Christian Jewish polemicist knew Latin.

The Jewish Encyclopedia says this about the Cyrene massacres: " By this outbreak Libya was depopulated to such an extent that a few years later new colonies had to be established there ( Eusebius, " Chronicle " from the Armenian, fourteenth year of Hadrian ).

By the late fourteenth century, it had evolved toward a more secular and natural style known as, International Gothic, which continued until the late fifteenth century, when it evolved further, into Renaissance art.

By the time of his death in 1277, Baibars had forced the Crusaders to a few strongholds along the coast and the Crusaders were forced out of the Middle East by the beginning of the fourteenth century.

By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals, to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel ( or no vowel ) to be supplied by the native speaker.

By the tenth century two other forms can be distinguished namely Canaanite and Aramaic.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established.

By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region.

By the late 5th century BC, philosophers might separate Aphrodite into two separate goddesses, not individuated in cult: Aphrodite Ourania, born from the sea foam after Cronus castrated Uranus, and Aphrodite Pandemos, the common Aphrodite " of all the folk ," born from Zeus and Dione.

By the beginning of the 8th century, these kingdoms had either been conquered by Nicene neighbors ( Ostrogoths, Vandals, Burgundians ) or their rulers had accepted Nicene Christianity ( Visigoths, Lombards ).

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By the 6th century Alexander's commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was referred to as " the commentator " ().

By the mid-4th century however the assembly's judicial functions were largely curtailed, though it always kept a role in the initiation of various kinds of political trial.

By the mid-16th century, they were in common use in most of Europe.

By the standards of 19th century tycoons, Carnegie was not a particularly ruthless man but a humanitarian with enough acquisitiveness to go in the ruthless pursuit of money ; on the other hand, the contrast between his life and the lives of many of his own workers and of the poor, in general, was stark.

By the 7th century BC, much of the Assyrian population used Akkadian influenced Eastern Aramaic and not Akkadian itself.

By the 4th century AD artists had started debating in writing over the proper goals of art as well.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the early 5th century Britain had been Roman for over three hundred and fifty years.

By the 1st century BC, Aediles were elected in July, and took office on the first day in January.

By the 16th century, a cappella polyphony had further developed, but gradually, the cantata began to take the place of a cappella forms.

By the 19th century orchestral music in Europe had standardized the string section into the following homogeneous instrumental groups: first violins, second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses.

By the 3rd century BC, the rival armies of Carthage and Rome began to invade and fight for control of the Iberian Peninsula.

By the 5th century AD, Rome was in decline and the Roman predecessor town of Alicante, known as Lucentum ( Latin ), was more or less under the control of the Visigothic warlord Theudimer.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, Steiner's interests turned to explicitly spiritual areas of research.