By one estimate, it has the fourth highest gross national income at purchasing power parity in Africa, giving it a standard of living around that of Mexico and Turkey.

By 1704, the War of the Spanish Succession was in its fourth year.

By 1781 three more societies had been established in Birmingham, with a fourth in the nearby town of Dudley ; and 19 more formed in Birmingham between 1782 and 1795.

By the fourth century, however, " confessors "— people who had confessed their faith not by dying but by word and life — began to be venerated publicly.

By the fourth beta version, Valve Software, the developer who created Half-Life, began assisting in the development of Counter-Strike.

By the mid 19th century, the South, The city of New Orleans in particular, being situated as a key to commerce on the Mississippi River and in the Gulf, had become the largest U. S. city not on the Atlantic seaboard and the fourth largest in the U. S. overall.

By the fourth century, the Goths conquered Dacia, and were divided into at least two distinct groups separated by the Dniester River, the Thervingi, led by the Balti dynasty, and the Greuthungi, led by the Amali dynasty.

By the fourth century BC Persia had fallen into decline.

By the fourth battle, the British have fled to the Isle of Thanet, where Vortigern's son Vortimer there besieges them.

By adding a fourth dimension to the three dimensional space, the self-intersection can be eliminated.

By the late 1810s, it was not uncommon to dance a series of quadrilles during the evening, generally consisting of the same first three figures combined with a variety of different fourth and fifth figures.

By the time Christopher Columbus passed near St. Vincent on his fourth voyage in 1502, the Caribs occupied the island after displacing the Arawaks a few centuries earlier.

By this point Prokofiev had composed two more operas, Desert Islands and The Feast during the Plague, and was working on his fourth, Undine.

By winning all three of the cups at the 100cc level, a fourth cup – the Special cup – is unlocked.

By the end of the game, Elway was sacked five times and threw three interceptions, and Washington scored another touchdown on a 68-yard fourth quarter drive featuring a 25-yard run by Clark on a reverse and three runs by Smith for 43 yards, the last a 4-yard touchdown to bring the game to its final score of 42 – 10.

By area Turkmenistan ranks fourth among the former Soviet republics, after Russia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine.

By the end of the fourth century the Presbyter ( author of 2 and 3 John ) was thought to be a different person to the Apostle John.

By 2000, it was Italy's fourth most widely planted white wine grape.

By the dawn of the fourth century BC, however, the neighbouring tribes had all been either subdued or conquered, and the stage was set for the rise of Qin expansionism.

By the end of the 7th century a fourth kindred, Cenél Comgaill ( kindred of Comgall ), had emerged, based in eastern Argyll.

By December 1943, these Secondary Schools had reached their capacity, and a major portion of Navy Pier was quickly converted to a fourth school.

By the fourth century, when pagan beliefs gave way to Christianity, belief in literal sirens was discouraged.

By the time the group's fourth album Strangeways, Here We Come was released in September, the band had split up.

By the end of the fourth millennium BC, donkey had spread to Southwest Asia, and the main breeding center had shifted to Mesopotamia by 1800 BC.

By 1955, the Russians agreed to relinquish their occupation zones in Eastern Austria, and East Vienna, as well as their sector in the fourth and tenth districts in South Vienna.

By way of a folk memorial, he is recalled in the Australian vernacular expression " do a Harold Holt " ( or " do the Harry "), rhyming slang for " do a bolt " meaning " to disappear suddenly and without explanation ", although this is usually employed in the context of disappearance from a social gathering rather than a case of presumed death.

By April 2008, whereupon he reached two years ' seniority, Harry was promoted to the rank of lieutenant.

By 16 May, however, Dannatt announced that Prince Harry would not serve in Iraq ; concerns included Harry being a high-value target ( as several threats by various groups had already been made against him ) and the dangers the soldiers around him would face should any attempt be made on the Prince's life or capture.

By the 1980s there appeared fiction written by Southern authors who themselves claimed a redneck or white trash origins, such as Harry Crews, Dorothy Allison, Larry Brown, and Tim McLaurin .. Autobiographies sometimes mention white trash origins.

By the time the war ended, $ 20 million in war bonds were purchased through the studio, the Red Cross collected 5, 200 pints of plasma from studio employees, and 763 of the studio's employees served in the armed forces, including Harry Warner's son-in-law Milton Sperling and Jack's son Jack Warner Jr.

By the time Harry and Albert learned of their brother's dealings, it was too late.

By 1949, with the success of television threatening the film industry more and more, Harry Warner decided to shift his focus towards television production.

By executive order of President Harry S. Truman, the U. S. employed the uranium-type nuclear weapon code named " Little Boy " on the city of Hiroshima on Monday, August 6, 1945, followed three days later by the detonation of the plutonium-type weapon code named " Fat Man " over the city of Nagasaki on August 9.

By then, Basie was playing with pick-up groups for dances, resorts, and amateur shows, including Harry Richardson's " Kings of Syncopation ".

By October 4, 1932, Arthur Sheekman, Harry Ruby, and Bert Kalmar began writing the screenplay for the next Paramount film, which was now called Firecrackers.

*" By the Beautiful Sea ", by Harry Carroll, Harold R. Atteridge.

By the time Harry and Albert learned of their brother's dealings, it was too late.

* " By The River Sainte Marie " w. Edgar Leslie m. Harry Warren

* " By The Beautiful Sea " w. Harold R. Atteridge m. Harry Carroll

By some accounts, Harry fell in love with the buxom Mrs. Peabody in about two hours, confessing his love for her in the Tunnel of Love at the amusement park.

By autumn 2001, he had become known internationally for his portrayal of Draco Malfoy, the bully, enemy and foil of Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

By 1911 a hotel and businesses were flourishing, the area to the east was heavily staked and in 1912 the major gold mines of Kirkland Lake had been found and developed by Harry Oakes.

Trumpeter Harry James, in his 1942 arrangement of Eric Coates's By the Sleepy Lagoon, made use of the " Lever du jour " music from Daphnis et Chloë for its opening.

By the late 1980s, he was largely appearing in exploitation films produced by the impresario Harry Alan Towers, most of which were filmed in South Africa at the time of apartheid and released straight to video in the US and UK.

* I Don't Know How I Do It But I Do ( Lyrics By Harry B. Smith )-Slingsby

According to Wilfrid Sheed, quoted in Time Magazine, " By silent consensus, the king of this army of unknown soldiers, the Hollywood incognitos, was Harry Warren, who had more songs on the Hit Parade than Berlin himself and who would win the contest hands down if enough people have heard of him.

By the good offices of his brother William, who had distinguished himself in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo, he obtained on 30 July 1815, at the age of 20, a post as second lieutenant in the 95th Regiment of Foot, Rifle Brigade, and was posted to the company of Captain Harry Smith, who encouraged him to study military history and the art of war.

* " The Great Drummers of R & B Funk & Soul " By Jim Payne, Harry Weinger 2007