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By the mid 1640s the Muslim Bijapur sultanate was weakening. Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha empire, was growing in power.
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By and mid
By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s it was considered disparaging.
By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process and variations on this method continued until the mid 19th century.
By the mid late 18th century developments in cheaper zinc distillation such as John-Jaques Dony's horizontal furnaces in Belgium and the reduction of tariffs on zinc as well as demand for corrosion resistant high zinc alloys increased the popularity of speltering and as a result cementation was largely abandoned by the mid 19th century.
By the mid 19th century, many boats had been built with iron or steel frames but still planked in wood.
By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.
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By the mid 1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again movement.
By the mid 20th century, with the growing market for rare coins, the Sheldon system was adopted by the American Numismatic Association and most coin professionals in the North America.
By cutting transportation costs in half or more it became a large profit center for Albany, New York and New York City as it allowed the cheap transportation of many of the agricultural products grown in the mid west of the United States to the rest of the world.
By the mid 19th century, Edward Frankland, F. A.
By the mid to late 2000s, many disco-influenced songs were hits.
By mid century, the cooperative Christian Churches and the independent Christian Churches were following different paths.
By the mid — 18th century the French chemist Charles François de Cisternay du Fay had discovered two types of static electricity, and that like charges repel each other whilst unlike charges attract.
By the mid 1970s, there were enough media zines being published that adzines existed just to advertise all of the other zines available.
By the mid 19th century, the South, The city of New Orleans in particular, being situated as a key to commerce on the Mississippi River and in the Gulf, had become the largest U. S. city not on the Atlantic seaboard and the fourth largest in the U. S. overall.
By the mid 17th century, numerous small Dutch and Flemish distillers ( some 400 in Amsterdam alone by 1663 ) had popularized the re-distillation of malt spirit or wine with juniper, anise, caraway, coriander, etc., which were sold in pharmacies and used to treat such medical problems as kidney ailments, lumbago, stomach ailments, gallstones, and gout.
By the mid 1890s, the Golden Dawn was well established in Great Britain, with membership rising to over a hundred and including every class of Victorian society.
By the mid 1960s, Viola Spolin's classes were handed over to her protégé, Jo Forsberg, who further developed Spolin's methods into a one-year course, which eventually became The Players Workshop, the first official school of improvisation in the USA.
By the mid 1970s, Sweden experienced a recession that struck especially hard on the industrial sector ; shipyards and manufacturing industries were hard hit, which led to high unemployment in many cities of Scania.
By mid July, the team found themselves only 10 games out of the division lead.
By mid July, North Korean troops overwhelmed the South Korean and allied American units defending South Korea and forced them back to a defensive perimeter in south-east South Korean known as the Pusan Perimeter.
By the mid to late-1970s some parts of the capitalist world, including South Korea, were creating new industries based around computers, electronics, and other advanced technology in contrast to North Korea's Stalinist economy of mining and steel production.
By mid July they had Somoza and the National Guard isolated in Managua.
By the mid 19th century, the industrial revolution had transformed England and had begun in France.
By and 1640s
By the 1640s, Standish relinquished his role as an active soldier and settled into a quieter life on his Duxbury farm.
By the 1630s ( or 1640s, depending on the reference ), the bark was being exported to Europe.
By the 1640s, he began to grant land to the Pequot War veterans.
By the 1640s, these two designs were re-combined in a white-and-red key on a red-and-white field as the coat of arms of the united canton.
By the late 1640s the Jesuits appeared to have been making more progress in their mission to the Huron, and they claimed to have made many converts at this time.
By the 1640s, they applied the term to southern Athabaskan peoples from the Chama on the east to the San Juan on the west.
By the end of the 1640s, the radical Parliamentary programme had become clear: reduction of the King to a powerless figurehead, and replacement of Anglican episcopacy with a form of Presbyterianism.
By 1637 Ballyfin was raised to manorial status but Cosby was on the wrong side in the turmoil of the 1640s and by May 1666 the estate was conferred on Periam Pole, a recent arrival from Devon.
By the early 1640s England was engaged in a great civil war.
By the early 1640s, John Moore ( who was by now a Member of Parliament for Liverpool ) was heavily involved with the early shipping trade, forging connections in Barbados.
By the 1640s, many of the mocambos had consolidated into larger entities ruled by " kings ".
By the 1640s Russian adventurers had taken control of the forested area north of Mongolia and Manchuria.
By and Muslim
By 1975, after a failed uprising by the Muslim Youth, President Daoud Khan started to dissociate himself from the Soviet Union and the communist party of Afghanistan.
By the mid-10th century, the Samanid dynasty had crumble in the face of attacks from Turkish tribes to the north and from the Ghaznavids, a rising Turkic Muslim dynasty in Afghanistan.
By 1250, nearly all of Iberia was back under Christian rule with the exception of the small Muslim kingdom of Granada.
By the mid-13th century Emirate of Granada was the only independent Muslim realm in Spain, which would last until 1492.
By 1890, Palestine was populated mainly by Muslim ( settled and nomad Bedouins ) and Christian Arabs, as well as Jews, Greeks, Druze and other minorities.
By this time Muslim invaders had conquered Hispania and were threatening the Frankish kingdoms.
By this stage the explorers had passed the southern boundary of the desert, and from then on Henry had one of his wishes fulfilled: the Portuguese had circumvented the Muslim land-based trade routes across the western Sahara Desert, and slaves and gold began arriving in Portugal.
* By the end of World War I, most Muslim states were seen to be dominated by the Christian-leaning Western states.
By 1960, Muslims were thought to constitute a majority of the population, which contributed to Muslim unrest regarding the political system.
By the end of the 18th century, some Muslim ulema began articulating the grievances of the common people.
By 1252 only the Kingdom of Granada remained as sovereign Muslim state in the Iberian peninsula.
By the 18th century, however, dhimmis frequently attended the Ottoman Muslim courts, where cases were taken against them by Muslims, or they took cases against Muslims or other dhimmis.
By contrast, religion is also central to the lives of several X-Men, such as Nightcrawler, a devout Catholic, and Dust, a devout Sunni Muslim who wears an Islamic hijab.
** March 26 – By the treaty of Almirra, the king of Aragon and prince of Castile come to an agreement on the attribution of Muslim lands to still to be conquered.
By the middle of the 15th century Po-ni had entered into a close relationship with the Muslim kingdom of Malacca.
By 1141 Robert had moved to Spain where the division of the country between Muslim and Christian rulers made it a natural base for translators.
By the 12th century, " Saracen " had become synonymous with " Muslim " in Medieval Latin literature.
By Salutati's time, a few Latin texts of Aristotle had arrived in Europe via Muslim Spain and Sicily.
By trading with Muslim states, Venice came to monopolise the spice trade in Europe between 1200 and 1500, through its dominance over Mediterranean seaways to ports such as Alexandria, after traditional overland connections were disrupted by Mongols and Turks.
By the 1560s there were 10, 000 Catholics in the area, mostly on Ambon, and by the 1590s there were 50, 000 to 60, 000, although most of the region surrounding Ambon remained Muslim.
By the time of Partition in 1947 Sindh had had a Muslim majority for centuries but there were significant minorities of Hindus throughout the province.
By principle, half of the inhabitants are Jewish Israelis, the rest are Muslim and Christian Arabs.
By this, the counts wanted to establish their power in the area, as the Segarra was at that time the border between Christian and Muslim territories, thereby establishing the first fortress ( castrum Cervarie ).
By 1125 he had inherited the formerly Muslim Kingdom of Toledo.
By 725, the Muslim Umayyads had conquered the whole Visigothic territory of Septimania, Nimes inclusive.
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