By the mid-1880s Healy had already acquired a reputation for a scurrilousness of tone.

By the mid-1880s, the U. S. federal government had introduced a tax of two cents per pound, and manufacturers needed an expensive license to make or sell the product.

By the mid-1880s, dedicated dining cars were a normal part of long-distance trains from Chicago to points west, save those of the Santa Fe Raiilway, which relied on America's first interstate network of restaurants to feed passengers en route.

By the mid-1880s, it is estimated that 11 million ounces of gold ( worth approximately US $ 7. 5 billion at mid-2006 prices ) had been recovered by hydraulic mining in the California Gold Rush.

By the mid-1880s the Tramway was finding it difficult to cover the operating expenses of either goods or passenger operations.

By the mid-1880s, all three parties had been successful in converting substantial numbers of Baganda, some of whom attained important positions at court.

By the mid-1880s, Beaver Island had become the largest supplier of fresh-water fish consumed in the United States, but overfishing and changes in technology brought this bonanza to an end by the beginning of the 20th century.

By the mid-1880s U. S. railroads were using more steel rails than iron in building new or replacement tracks.

By the mid-1880s, it is known that the company manufactured horse-drawn school carriages colloquially referred to as " school hacks ", " school cars ", " school trucks ", or " kid hacks ".

By the mid-1880s, Johnston became " carried away with the idea.

By the mid-1880s he began to concentrate more on painting the Australian bush, the works for which he became notable.

By the end of 1881, BR ceased to exist as an organization, however, separate BR clubs continued to operate up until the mid-1880s.

By the mid-1880s, it was virtually all black, home to working-class people who made their livings in Houston's eastside ship channel and industrial areas or as domestics for wealthy Houstonians.

By the mid-1880s, the school ’ s curriculum had expanded to include programs in pharmacy, engineering, law, and business.

By the mid-1880s, Hassam began painting cityscapes in nearby locales, with his Boston Common at Twilight ( 1885 ) being one of his first.

By the mid-1880s, several teams refused to play Lancashire on account of their bowling attack.

By the mid-1880s the united front of the Hague School began to crumble.

By the mid-1880s, the Council had become a practical monopoly over the city's businesses.

By the Rule of St Benedict, which, until the Cluniac reforms, was the norm in the West, the abbot has jurisdiction over only one community.

By the time dBASE for Windows eventually shipped, the developer community had moved on to other products such as Clipper or FoxBase and dBASE never regained significant share of Ashton-Tate's former market.

By the 1850s, bunyip had also become a " synonym for imposter, pretender, humbug and the like " in the broader Australian community.

By the 1980s many colleges had recognised a community need for computer training and since then thousands of people have been up-skilled through IT courses.

By the later 3rd century, however, some Christians began to express dissatisfaction with the custom of relying on the Jewish community to determine the date of Easter.

By the 1970s the science fiction community was confronting questions of feminism and sexism within science fiction culture itself.

By ancient tradition, Basques, and indeed other peoples in Medieval Europe, held assemblies under a tree, usually an oak, to discuss matters affecting the community.

By placing parentheses around Pasadena City College, a nearby community college, Mudd students changed the sign to read:

By the early monarchy El and Yahweh had become unified and Asherah did not continue as a separate state cult, although she continued to be popular at a community level until Persian times.

By 1819 the Harmonites had built 150 log homes, a church, a community storehouse, barns, stables, and a tavern, along with thriving shops and mills, and cleared land for farming.

By making wiki links simpler to type for the members of a particular community, these features help bring the different wikis closer together.

By 1937, the members had made the decision to create a new language, to the surprise of the world's interlanguage community.

By 25 May 1993, the international community had tried to pressure the leaders of the former Yugoslavian republics diplomatically, militarily, politically, economically, and – with Resolution 827 – through juridical means.

By 1980, a number of national computer facilities ( ULCC London, UMRCC Manchester, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory serving the Science and Engineering Research Council community ), each with their own star network had developed.

By the early 2000s, community development issues and resettlements became mainstreamed in Bank mining projects.

By the late 19th century, Nazareth was a town with a strong Arab Christian presence and a growing European community, where a number of communal projects were undertaken and new religious buildings were erected.

By not outing gay Bishops who support policies which harm homosexuals, we would be protecting those Bishops and thereby allowing them to continue to inflict suffering on members of our community.

By extension the term parish refers not only to the territorial unit but to the people of its community or congregation as well as to church property within it.

By sacred things he meant things " set apart and forbidden — beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them ".

By the late 1990s, the message board forum at the site had developed into a thriving community with a large number of regular members and contributors worldwide.

By adopting this Responsum, the CJLS found itself in a position to provide a considered Jewish-law justification for its egalitarian practices, without having to rely on potentially unconvincing arguments, undermine the religious importance of community and clergy, ask individual women intrusive questions, repudiate the halakhic tradition, or label women following traditional practices as sinners.

By doing this he wishes to establish within the younger members of his community a scheme to discern right and wrong actions through the powers of the mind.

By the 15th century, its authority in the Spanish Jewish community was such that Joseph ibn Shem-Tov drew from it arguments in his attacks against Maimonides, and even representatives of non-mystical Jewish thought began to assert its sacredness and invoke its authority in the decision of some ritual questions.

By 1523, a Karaite community, consisting of 10 families, is recorded as living in Hebron, It was from them that, in 1540, Rabbi Malkiel Ashkenazi bought a courtyard ( El Cortijo ) and the house of prayer which he converted to the Sephardi Abraham Avinu Synagogue.

By 1850, the Jewish population consisted of 60 Sephardi families and a 30-year old Ashkenazi community of 50 families.