By the mid-1930s, Cukor was not only established as a prominent director but, socially, as an unofficial head of Hollywood's gay subculture.

By the mid-1930s, Hitler ’ s most powerful subordinates were Hermann Göring, as head of the Four Year Plan for crash rearmament, and Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS and police apparatus.

By the mid-1930s most US psychologists had adopted the view that environmental and cultural factors played a dominant role.

By the mid-1930s however, superheterodynes were using higher intermediate frequencies, ( typically around 440 – 470 kHz ), with tuned coils similar in construction to the aerial and oscillator coils.

By the mid-1930s, commercial production of TRF receivers was largely replaced by superheterodyne receivers.

By the mid-1930s, when he was 26, he began directing a number of the Group Theater's plays.

By the mid-1930s his father's increasing alcoholism and abusive temper ( he had part of his ear bitten off in a poker game fight ) finally led Edwina to separate from him although they never divorced.

By the mid-1930s, British Guiana and the whole British Caribbean were marked by labor unrest and violent demonstrations.

By the mid-1930s, the Metropolitan line was suffering from congestion caused by the limited capacity of its tracks between Baker Street and Finchley Road stations.

By the mid-1930s, the double feature was the dominant U. S. exhibition model, and the majors responded.

By the mid-1930s, the city population had swelled beyond 140, 000 thanks largely to the growing mining and silk textile industries.

By the mid-1930s, the community consisted of several dwellings.

By the mid-1930s, Mildred had half a dozen stores, a church, a school, and a few houses.

By the mid-1930s, MGM had been so impressed by Frank Morgan that they signed him to a lifetime contract.

By the mid-1930s Florey settled into the studio system and produced vehicles for Warren William, Guy Kibbee, and Akim Tamiroff ( briefly promoted as a lead actor ).

By the mid-1930s, Rogers was adored by the American people.

By the mid-1930s, the dry cleaning industry had adopted tetrachloroethylene ( perchloroethylene ), or " perc " for short, as the ideal solvent.

By the time West was an established movie actress in the mid-1930s, they were no longer a couple.

By the mid-1930s, however, a gradual rapprochement between chiefs and intellectuals had begun.

By the mid-1930s the royalties from the " Little House " books brought a steady and increasingly substantial income to the Wilders for the first time in their 50 years of marriage.

By the mid-1930s, she committed to owning thoroughbred horses and to racing them in the US.

By the mid-1930s, popular discontent with the Ranas led to the establishment of several movements, notably the Praja Parishad, to which Tribhuvan himself gave explicit support, to overthrow the Ranas.

By the age of 16, Hazel Scott regularly performed for radio programs for the Mutual Broadcasting System, gaining a reputation as the “ hot classicist .” In the mid-1930s, she also performed at the Roseland Dance Hall with the Count Basie Orchestra.

By the mid-1930s, the traditional way of using milk brought straight from the dairy was becoming a rarity in Devon because using a cream separator, which actively separated the cream from the milk using centrifugal force, before heating produced far more clotted cream for the same amount of milk: as a farmer's wife in Poundsgate said, " the separator saves a whole cow!

By mid-1942, the Allies began to regroup and while some Allied aircraft such as the Brewster Buffalo and the P-39 were hopelessly outclassed by fighters like Japan's Zero, others such as the Army's P-40 and the Navy's Wildcat possessed attributes such as superior firepower, ruggedness and dive speed, and the Allies soon developed tactics ( such as the Thach weave ) to take advantage of these strengths.

By 1998, Japan's public works projects still could not stimulate demand enough to end the economy's stagnation.

By 1990 Japan's interaction with the vast majority of Asia-Pacific countries, especially its burgeoning economic exchanges, was multifaceted and increasingly important to the recipient countries.

By 1905, Taiwan was financially self-sufficient and had been weaned off of subsidies from Japan's central government.

By leasing Liaodong and railway concessions, Russia crashed its Sphere of Influence squarely into Japan's.

By the late 1930s, it included most of Japan's warships — only the base units, the Special Naval Landing Forces, and the China Area Fleet lay outside the Combined Fleet.

By then, Japan's industrial output had dropped and production levels were limited.

By the first two decades of the 20th century, " Korea " began to be seen more frequently than " Corea "-a change that coincided with Japan's consolidation of its grip over the peninsula.

By the beginning of the 1960s Japan's economy was gearing up ; wages were rising and the idea of family motoring was taking off.

By 1991, it had fallen to 15, 000, signifying the end of Japan's famed " bubble economy ".

By the start of World War II, the Big Four zaibatsu alone had direct control over more than 30 % of Japan's mining, chemical, metals industries and almost 50 % control of the machinery and equipment market, a significant part of the foreign commercial merchant fleet and 60 % of the commercial stock exchange.

By the end of the Second World War in 1945, the " heavy " bomber, epitomized by the British Avro Lancaster and American B-32 used in the Pacific Theater, showed what could be accomplished by area bombing of Japan's cities and the often small and dispersed factories within them.

By the late years of the Shōwa period, Japan's economy was the second largest in the world after the United States.

By 1980, many Japanese products, particularly automobiles and electronics, were being exported around the world, and Japan's industrial sector was the second-largest in the world after the U. S. This growth pattern continued unabated despite recession in the 1990s.

By the end of 1942 the Allied navies had overcome most of the technological edges Japan's ships and planes had held at the start of the war.

By late 1943 Japan's ' outer ' defensive ring had been thoroughly punctured, with the U. S. fleet working its way over or past such strongholds in their steady progression across the Central Pacific islands.

By that point in the war, most of Japan's merchant fleet had already been sunk, but Street went into shallow water close to shore and found several ships.

By now, their popularity had reached the point to which they would headline the Tokyo Dome, Japan's largest indoor live venue titled Lunatic Tokyo.

By the end of the war, only 12 % of Japan's pre-war merchant tonnage was still afloat.

By 1970 half of world's and 80 % of Japan's steel output was produced in oxygen converters.

By 1960, as conditions improve on second and third class trains, there were few passengers travelling on first class ; therefore, the few remaining first class carriages were rebranded " special " carriages available for hire, and consequently moved Japan's railway system to a two-class system, of which the original second class became the first, and the original third became second.

By the 1970s, however, with Japan enjoying a remarkable economic boom, Ōtsuka began to consider the ' feudal residues ' in a positive light, as a badge of Japan's distinctive difference from the West ( Ōtsuka, Kawashima, Doi 1976 passim ).

By age 21, she had earned a reputation as Japan's best dancer and maiko.

By July 16, the storm continued tracking west and became a threat to Taiwan and Japan's Sakishima Islands.