By the mid-1930s, Cukor was not only established as a prominent director but, socially, as an unofficial head of Hollywood's gay subculture.

By the mid-1930s, Hitler ’ s most powerful subordinates were Hermann Göring, as head of the Four Year Plan for crash rearmament, and Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS and police apparatus.

By the mid-1930s most US psychologists had adopted the view that environmental and cultural factors played a dominant role.

By the mid-1930s however, superheterodynes were using higher intermediate frequencies, ( typically around 440 – 470 kHz ), with tuned coils similar in construction to the aerial and oscillator coils.

By the mid-1930s, commercial production of TRF receivers was largely replaced by superheterodyne receivers.

By the mid-1930s, when he was 26, he began directing a number of the Group Theater's plays.

By the mid-1930s his father's increasing alcoholism and abusive temper ( he had part of his ear bitten off in a poker game fight ) finally led Edwina to separate from him although they never divorced.

By the mid-1930s as Japan's empire was reaching its zenith, the colonial government began a political socialization program designed to enforce Japanese customs, rituals and a loyal Japanese identity upon the aborigines.

By the mid-1930s, British Guiana and the whole British Caribbean were marked by labor unrest and violent demonstrations.

By the mid-1930s, the Metropolitan line was suffering from congestion caused by the limited capacity of its tracks between Baker Street and Finchley Road stations.

By the mid-1930s, the double feature was the dominant U. S. exhibition model, and the majors responded.

By the mid-1930s, the city population had swelled beyond 140, 000 thanks largely to the growing mining and silk textile industries.

By the mid-1930s, the community consisted of several dwellings.

By the mid-1930s, Mildred had half a dozen stores, a church, a school, and a few houses.

By the mid-1930s, MGM had been so impressed by Frank Morgan that they signed him to a lifetime contract.

By the mid-1930s Florey settled into the studio system and produced vehicles for Warren William, Guy Kibbee, and Akim Tamiroff ( briefly promoted as a lead actor ).

By the mid-1930s, Rogers was adored by the American people.

By the mid-1930s, the dry cleaning industry had adopted tetrachloroethylene ( perchloroethylene ), or " perc " for short, as the ideal solvent.

By the time West was an established movie actress in the mid-1930s, they were no longer a couple.

By the mid-1930s, however, a gradual rapprochement between chiefs and intellectuals had begun.

By the mid-1930s the royalties from the " Little House " books brought a steady and increasingly substantial income to the Wilders for the first time in their 50 years of marriage.

By the mid-1930s, she committed to owning thoroughbred horses and to racing them in the US.

By the age of 16, Hazel Scott regularly performed for radio programs for the Mutual Broadcasting System, gaining a reputation as the “ hot classicist .” In the mid-1930s, she also performed at the Roseland Dance Hall with the Count Basie Orchestra.

By the mid-1930s, the traditional way of using milk brought straight from the dairy was becoming a rarity in Devon because using a cream separator, which actively separated the cream from the milk using centrifugal force, before heating produced far more clotted cream for the same amount of milk: as a farmer's wife in Poundsgate said, " the separator saves a whole cow!

" By the Way " was popular with the readership, and of course, one of the reasons it lasted so long.

By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

" By 1928, Fuller was living in Greenwich Village and spending much of his time at the popular café Romany Marie's, where he had spent an evening in conversation with Marie and Eugene O ' Neill several years earlier.

By the Victorian era, ballad had come to mean any sentimental popular song, especially so-called " royalty ballads ", which publishers would pay popular singers to perform in Britain and the United States in " ballad concerts.

By the same time, the Croatian Adriatic coast had taken shape as an internationally popular tourist destination, all coastal republics ( but mostly SR Croatia ) profited greatly from this, as tourist numbers reached levels still unsurpassed in modern Croatia.

By far the most visible and obvious power of many modern central banks is to influence market interest rates ; contrary to popular belief, they rarely " set " rates to a fixed number.

By the early 1970s electronic pocket calculators ended manufacture of mechanical calculators, although the Curta remains a popular collectable item.

By the time Bramah's beer pumps became popular, the use of the word draught to mean the act of serving beer was well established and transferred easily to beer served via the hand pumps.

The phrase " Doom clone | Doom clone " was initially popular to describe the style of gameplay in Doom-like games, but after 1996 was gradually replaced by " first-person shooter " By 1998 the phrase " first-person shooter " had firmly superseded " Doom clone "

By the 1980s, widely popular drummers like Billy Cobham, Carl Palmer, Nicko McBrain, Phil Collins, Stewart Copeland and perhaps most notably Neil Peart were using large numbers of drums and cymbals and had also begun using electronic drums.

By 1990, after efforts by Wendy's agency, Backer Spielvolgel Bates, to get humor into the campaign, a decision was made to portray Thomas in a more self-deprecating and folksy manner, which proved much more popular with test audiences.

By the 1930s, Italian fascism had created a review board for popular culture.

By elevating the director, and not the screenwriter, to the same importance as novelists, composers, or painters, it sought to free the cinema from its popular conception as a bastard art, somewhere between theater and literature.

By including interaction, scripting, and compilation, Forth was popular on computers with limited resources, such as the BBC Micro and Apple II series, and remains so in applications such as firmware and small microcontrollers.

By 2000, when web publishing of stories became more popular than zine publishing, thousands of media fanzines had been published ; over 500 of them were k / s zines.

By late July, the spirit of popular sovereignty had spread throughout France.

By this, Plutarch probably means that as Plebeian Tribune, Metilius had the Plebeian Council, a popular assembly which only Tribunes could preside over, grant Minucius quasi-dictatorial powers.

By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first " modern " Olympic Games in 1896.

By the mid-17th century fireworks were used for entertainment on an unprecedented scale in Europe, being popular even at resorts and public gardens.

By the mid-eighties, bands began proliferating and became increasingly popular, including The Sisters of Mercy, The Mission ( known as The Mission UK in the US ), Alien Sex Fiend, The March Violets, Ausgang, Kommunity FK, Xmal Deutschland, Dead Can Dance, This Mortal Coil, The Bolshoi, and Fields of the Nephilim.

His solemn, trademark oath has become a popular catchphrase: " By Grabthar's hammer, by the suns of Warvan, you shall be avenged !".

By the 1960s, the Hammond became popular with pop groups and was used on the British pirate station Radio 390.

By the 13th century, Hindustān emerged as a popular alternative name of India, meaning the " land of Hindus ".< ref >

By the early monarchy El and Yahweh had become unified and Asherah did not continue as a separate state cult, although she continued to be popular at a community level until Persian times.