By the mid-1930s, Cukor was not only established as a prominent director but, socially, as an unofficial head of Hollywood's gay subculture.

By the mid-1930s, Hitler ’ s most powerful subordinates were Hermann Göring, as head of the Four Year Plan for crash rearmament, and Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS and police apparatus.

By the mid-1930s most US psychologists had adopted the view that environmental and cultural factors played a dominant role.

By the mid-1930s however, superheterodynes were using higher intermediate frequencies, ( typically around 440 – 470 kHz ), with tuned coils similar in construction to the aerial and oscillator coils.

By the mid-1930s, commercial production of TRF receivers was largely replaced by superheterodyne receivers.

By the mid-1930s, when he was 26, he began directing a number of the Group Theater's plays.

By the mid-1930s as Japan's empire was reaching its zenith, the colonial government began a political socialization program designed to enforce Japanese customs, rituals and a loyal Japanese identity upon the aborigines.

By the mid-1930s, British Guiana and the whole British Caribbean were marked by labor unrest and violent demonstrations.

By the mid-1930s, the Metropolitan line was suffering from congestion caused by the limited capacity of its tracks between Baker Street and Finchley Road stations.

By the mid-1930s, the double feature was the dominant U. S. exhibition model, and the majors responded.

By the mid-1930s, the city population had swelled beyond 140, 000 thanks largely to the growing mining and silk textile industries.

By the mid-1930s, the community consisted of several dwellings.

By the mid-1930s, Mildred had half a dozen stores, a church, a school, and a few houses.

By the mid-1930s, MGM had been so impressed by Frank Morgan that they signed him to a lifetime contract.

By the mid-1930s Florey settled into the studio system and produced vehicles for Warren William, Guy Kibbee, and Akim Tamiroff ( briefly promoted as a lead actor ).

By the mid-1930s, Rogers was adored by the American people.

By the mid-1930s, the dry cleaning industry had adopted tetrachloroethylene ( perchloroethylene ), or " perc " for short, as the ideal solvent.

By the time West was an established movie actress in the mid-1930s, they were no longer a couple.

By the mid-1930s, however, a gradual rapprochement between chiefs and intellectuals had begun.

By the mid-1930s the royalties from the " Little House " books brought a steady and increasingly substantial income to the Wilders for the first time in their 50 years of marriage.

By the mid-1930s, she committed to owning thoroughbred horses and to racing them in the US.

By the mid-1930s, popular discontent with the Ranas led to the establishment of several movements, notably the Praja Parishad, to which Tribhuvan himself gave explicit support, to overthrow the Ranas.

By the age of 16, Hazel Scott regularly performed for radio programs for the Mutual Broadcasting System, gaining a reputation as the “ hot classicist .” In the mid-1930s, she also performed at the Roseland Dance Hall with the Count Basie Orchestra.

By the mid-1930s, the traditional way of using milk brought straight from the dairy was becoming a rarity in Devon because using a cream separator, which actively separated the cream from the milk using centrifugal force, before heating produced far more clotted cream for the same amount of milk: as a farmer's wife in Poundsgate said, " the separator saves a whole cow!

By the terms of his father's will he received an appanage of Poitou and Auvergne.

By December 1918, he left his father's home to attempt to find a job in San Francisco, California.

By June he was back in Paris with his brother Antoine, who was resolving their father's affairs.

By law, however, as he was a Junius on his father's side, he was not a Tarquin and therefore could later propose the exile of the Tarquins without fear for himself.

By naming a descendant of his half-brother instead of his cousin, Otto II reinforced his father's policy of appointing close family members to key posts throughout the Empire.

By the time he was 21, his father's alcoholism threatened the reputation of the family act, so Keaton and his mother, Myra, left for New York, where Buster Keaton's career swiftly moved from vaudeville to film.

By the early 1560s, Ní Mháille had left O ' Flaherty territory and returned to her father's holdings on Clare Island.

By the late Roman Republic, women sometimes also adopted the feminine of their father's cognomen.

By returning to the Cabinet, however, Walpole lost the favour of the Prince of Wales ( the future King George II ) who still harboured disdain for his father's Government.

By the Middle Ages it came to be a tradition to evade the inequality between daughters and sons via a legal fiction, in which the father claims that he is indebted to his daughter for a certain sum of money, and that this debt is due by him and his heirs, and then makes a formal agreement that this debt is to be paid upon his death, either in cash or as a proportion of his estate equal to half the share of one of the sons ; by this legal mechanism, the daughter would either gain a share in her father's estate, or a sum of money equal to its value.

By age twelve, Russell was writing business contracts for customers and given charge of some of his father's other clothing stores.

By his father's will he got, by way of appanage, the Duchy of Södermanland, which included the provinces of Närke and Värmland ; but he did not come into actual possession of them till after the fall of Eric and the succession to the throne of John in 1568.

By this time, Turner's drawings were already being exhibited in his father's shop window and sold for a few shillings each.

By the assistance of Ptolemy IX Lathyros, king of Egypt, he recovered part of his father's Syrian dominions ca 95 BC, and held his court at Damascus, from where he tried to enlarge his dominions.

By the time Smetana completed his schooling, his father's fortunes had declined.

By 1936, his father's assassination and the loss of his homeland made Zhang one of the leading opponents of the Japanese among the Chinese general staff.

By May 2007, the lawsuit was resolved out of court, with Vincent receiving a payout, and Hester's two daughters described as the sole beneficiaries of their father's estate.

By the time Clifford and Connie had moved to Wragby Hall, Clifford's father's estate in Nottinghamshire, the coal industry in England seemed to be in decline, although the coal pit was still a big part in the life of the neighbouring town of Tevershall.

By his wife Helvia of Corduba, he had three sons: Lucius Annaeus Novatus who was adopted by his father's friend, the rhetorician Lucius Iunius Gallio and was subsequently called Lucius Iunius Gallio Annaeanus ; Seneca the Younger ; and Annaeus Mela, the father of the poet Lucan.

By his second marriage Stolberg had a large family, of which all, with the exception of the oldest daughter, followed their father's example and joined the Catholic Church in 1801.

By this time, her father's drinking has got the family into debt, and she is sent to work as governess / housekeeper for the family of an almost illiterate neighbour to whom her father owes money.

By the time of his father's death, Faisal was the second oldest surviving son.

By the date of his father's death in 1729 he had inherited the Bifrons estate.

By his father's death, when he was still a child, he became the owner of a large estate and a ward of the crown.