By the use of various weights, data for a force-rate of shear graph can be obtained.

By knowing the coordinates of an object ( usually given in equatorial coordinates ), the telescope user can use the setting circle to align the telescope in the appropriate direction before looking through its eyepiece.

By this time, the use of the glyph had already reached Persia, and was mentioned in Al-Khwarizmi's descriptions of Indian numerals.

By the mid-16th century, they were in common use in most of Europe.

By 1980, the way the game was played had changed dramatically due to innovative coaching tactics, with the phasing out of many of the game's kicking styles and the increasing use of handball ; whilst presentation was influenced by television.

By 1971, 12 percent of the total area of South Vietnam had been sprayed with defoliating chemicals, at an average concentration of 13 times the recommended USDA application rate for domestic use.

By 1971, 12 percent of the total area of South Vietnam had been sprayed with defoliating chemicals, at an average concentration of 13 times the recommended USDA application rate for domestic use.

By the first century BC brass was available in sufficient supply to use as coinage in Phrygia and Bithynia, and after the Augustan currency reform of 23 BC it was also used to make Roman dupondii and sestertii.

By the 15th century there is evidence for the renewed use of lidded cementation crucibles at Zwickau in Germany.

By World War II, the use of the smaller divisions, platoons and companies, became much more important as precise operations became vital.

By the time World War I began, attempts to use anthrax were directed at animal populations.

By the summer of 1944 the reversal of fortune was complete and Operation Bagration saw Soviet forces inflict crushing defeats on Germany through the aggressive use of armour, infantry and air power in combined strategic assault, known as deep operations.

By the late 1920s, New York writers other than Fitz Gerald were starting to use " Big Apple " and were using it outside of a horse-racing context.

By that time, the majority of black people were U. S .- born, so use of the term " African " became problematic.

By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency ( for example, the euro ), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender.

By the end of 2005, the number of telephone main lines in use totaled 7, 851, 649.

By 1910, the profession, " chemical engineer ", was already in common use in Britain and the United States.

By helping to ensure benefit-sharing, the Nagoya Protocol creates incentives to conserve and sustainably use genetic resources, and therefore enhances the contribution of biodiversity to development and human well-being.

By then the memory may have been re-assigned to another use, with unpredictable results.

By 1996, other engineers had joined in, because it was clear that Cygwin would be a useful way to provide Cygnus ' embedded tools hosted on Windows systems ( the previous strategy had been to use DJGPP ).

By turning these space to public use, the building got 20 % plot ratio more as bonus.

By contrast, the Europeans never infused it into their general diet, but have compartmentalized its use to sweets and desserts.

By the fifth classification all the letters of the alphabet are in use for top level classes.

By the time Bramah's beer pumps became popular, the use of the word draught to mean the act of serving beer was well established and transferred easily to beer served via the hand pumps.

By 1910, regular radio broadcasting had started to use " live " as well as prerecorded sound.

By using pulsed wave doppler or continuous wave doppler bloodflow velocities can be calculated.

By the end of the 19 < sup > th </ sup > century, pen registers were widely used to record pulsed electrical signals in many contexts.

By applying a pulsed voltage, the SDA can be made to move forward.

By the time of Mesalim, whichever dynasty controlled the city of Kish was recognised as šar kiššati (= king of Kish ), and was considered preeminent in Sumer, possibly because this was where the two rivers approached, and whoever controlled Kish ultimately controlled the irrigation systems of the other cities downstream.

By contrast, larger-scale farming often involves irrigation systems, chemical fertilizers and harvesters or at least ladders, e. g. to reach up into fruit trees.

By 1907, in an effort to regulate water flow for irrigation purposes, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation had constructed a log crib dam at the Snake River outlet of Jackson Lake.

By the mid 1970s Valmont began manufacturing a significant amount of irrigation systems in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, China, Thailand, Latin America and Switzerland.

By the first century A. D, several large-scale irrigation works had been completed.

By 1900 about twenty-five artesian wells were flowing in the Carrizo Springs area, but most of the water was wasted, and very little was used for irrigation.

By the late 20th century, center-pivot irrigation systems were in use through much of the county.

By 2000, there were approximately 500 registered irrigation wells in the Pumpkin Creek basin.

By the beginning of World War I in 1914, with its additional irrigation water and influx of people, Riverton prospered as an agricultural community.

By the first part of July, 1887, the men had begun to plant crops, survey an irrigation ditch, and layout a town site in the present-day Monticello area.

By the turn-of-the century, the Northern Pacific Railroad had completed a railway line nearby and irrigation projects were being constructed making rich, farmland available to new settlers.

By the fall of 1883 an irrigation system was constructed on the Wheatland flats including a 2, 380 foot long tunnel to divert water for irrigation into Bluegrass Creek and the first two of the system's canals.

By 1915 many farms were established in the irrigation district and the population of the flats was 5, 277.

: By 1979 a quarter of prime land was in disputed ownership and half of the productive land was in the hands of 200, 000 absentee landlords The large land owners were able to retain the best land with the best access to fresh water and irrigation facilities.

By the time these irrigation systems went in full swing, combined with the railway system and the many rice mills, Nueva Ecija had been established as the " Rice Granary of the Philippines.

By 1987 so much water had been siphoned off for irrigation of cotton and rice fields south and east of the sea that all shipping and commercial fishing had ceased.

By building a nationwide system of irrigation canals, dams, and reservoirs, the leadership believed it would be possible to produce rice on a year-round basis.

By the time the Spanish arrived, the Zapotec state has a population of over 500, 000, sophisticated construction techniques, a writing system, two calendar systems and agriculture that included the growing of maize, beans, squash, chili peppers, using irrigation and terraces in the mountains to grow food for a mostly urban population.

By the middle of the 19th century, as settlers migrated across the plains to Oregon and California, the wasteland connotation of " desert " was seen to be false, but the sense of the region as uninhabitable remained until irrigation, railroad transportation, and barbed wire made up for the lack of surface water and wood.

By the beginning of the 20th century, much of this had been replaced by farmland, particularly for the growing of rice, and the rivers no longer create new wetlands because their flow is controlled by levees and irrigation schemes.

By some estimates, federal restrictions on shallow well irrigation systems threaten the productivity of the San Joaquin Valley, which produces the majority of the 12. 8 % of the United States ' agricultural production ( as measured by dollar value ) that comes from California.

By 1904, the Aultman Road Locomotive was advertised nationally in Dun's Review and was described as " specially designed for heavy hauling at mines, lumber camps, smelters, quarries, etc., and for contractors, road and irrigation work.

By February 2012, aid agencies had shifted their emphasis to recovery efforts, including digging irrigation canals and distributing plant seeds.