Likewise, Jesus Christ proclaims in the Gospel of Matthew that one should " Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's "; that is at first, literally, the payment of taxes as binding those who use the imperial currency, but more widely interpreted as the offer of obedience and submission to the proclaimed worldly king () in matters not contrary to conscience.

Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar (, Ptolemaios IEʹ Philopatōr Philomētōr Kaisar ; ; June 23, 47 BC – August 23, 30 BC ), better known by the nicknames Caesarion (;, Kaisariōn, literally " little Caesar "; ) and Ptolemy Caesar (;, Ptolemaios Kaisar ; ), was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, who reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC.

Meledunum began as a Gaulish town ; Caesar noted Melun as " a town of the Senones, situated on an island in the Seine "; at the island there was a wooden bridge, which his men repaired.

* Caesar ( also "" or " Nobilissimus Caesar "), " Caesar " or " Most Noble Caesar "; initially the mere cognomen of a single individual, it was transformed into a title ; an honorific name later used to identify an emperor-designate ;

An example is the word sequence " Caesar is a prime number "; every word has a definite meaning, but the sequence has no meaning.

is a Caesar cipher — a one letter shift — of the third, fourth, and fifth words of the Shema, " Adonai, Eloheinu, Adonai ", " The Lord, our God, the Lord "; it is written on the back of the case, opposite the corresponding words on the front.

The biographical tradition of the tenth century Byzantine ( Suda ) defines Theon as " the man from the Mouseion "; however, both the Library of Alexandria and the Mouseion may not have existed in the fourth century as Ammianus Marcellinus ( Historia 22. 15, 12-13 ), writing in 378 refers to the Serapeum Library as thing of the past, destroyed in the time of Julius Caesar.

Legio I Germanica ( Latin for " First legion Germanica "; the cognomen Germanica is a reference to its service in Germania inferior ) was a Roman legion, possibly levied in 48 BC by Julius Caesar to fight for him in the civil war against Pompey.

Cividale was founded as a Roman municipium by Julius Caesar in 50 BCE on the newly built Via Julia Augusta, with the name of Forum Iulii (" Julius ' Forum "; Fréjus had the same Roman name ).

For the rest of the year, supporters of the First Triumvirate mocked Bibulus by declaring that the two consuls were really " Julius and Caesar "; Bibulus returned the insult by referring to the his co-consul as the " Queen of Bithynia ," an allusion to Caesar's alleged love affair with the king of Bithynia.

A law probably dating to the dictatorship of Julius Caesar defined rape as forced sex against " boy, woman, or anyone "; the rapist was subject to execution, a rare penalty in Roman law.

), celebrated for his " Lumina fidei divinae "; Julius Arrighetti ( 1705 ); Callixtus Lodigerius ( 1710 ); Gerard Capassi ( 1737 ), who Benedict XIV called the most learned man of his day ; Mark Struggl ( 1761 ); Caesar Sguanin ( 1769 ) ; Gabriel Roschini ( 1924 ).

Caesar Augustus "; b. C. Octavius ), d. 14

Caesar Augustus "; b. Ti.

"; b. C. Iulius Caesar Germ.

T. Flavius Vespasianus Caesar "; b. T. Flavius Vespasianus ), 69 – 79

T. Aelius Caesar Antoninus "; b. T. Aurelius Fulvus Boionus Arrius Antoninus ), 138 – 161

Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus "; b. M. Annius Verus ), 161 – 180

Caesar "; b. Galerius Valerius Maximianus ), 293 – 305

* 37 – Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar, Roman Emperor ( b. 46 BC )

* December 18 – Irving Caesar, American lyricist ( b. 1895 )

** Adolph Caesar, American actor ( b. 1933 )

* November 25 – Solomon Caesar Malan, Swiss-born orientalist ( b. 1812 )

* April 18 – Julius Caesar, English judge ( b. c. 1557 )

* June 30 – Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian ( b. 1538 )

* Atia Balba Caesonia, niece of Julius Caesar and mother of Augustus ( b. 85 BC )

* Publius Cornelius Dolabella, suffect consul after the assassination of Julius Caesar ( b. 70 BC )

* Gaius Caesar, son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, dies from wounds suffered during a campaign in Artagira, Armenia ( b. 20 BC ).

* Livia, wife of Caesar Augustus and mother of then-current Roman Emperor Tiberius ( b. 58 BC )

* October 13 – Julius Caesar Ibbetson, artist ( b. 1759 )

* March 15 – Julius Caesar, assassinated in the Senate ( b. 100 BC )

* June 26 – Caesar Rodney, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence ( b. 1728 )

* Gaius Octavius, father of Caesar Augustus ( b. c. 100 BC )

* December 23 – Caesar, duc de Choiseul, French marshal and diplomat ( b. 1602 )

* Renier of Montferrat ( the Caesar John ), Italian husband of Maria Comnena ( poisoned ) ( b. 1162 )

* Constantius Gallus, Caesar and son of Julius Constantius ( b. 326 )

* Octavia Minor, sister of Caesar Augustus ( b. 69 BC )

* October 3 – Gaius Cassius Longinus, assassin of Julius Caesar ( suicide ) ( b. bef.

* October 23 – Marcus Junius Brutus, protégé and assassin of Julius Caesar ( suicide ) ( b. 85 BC )

* Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar, wife of Pompey ( in childbirth ) ( b. 83 or 82 BC )

* Cornelia, wife of Julius Caesar ( b. 94 BC )

* Gaius Julius Caesar the Elder ( b. c. 140 BC )

* August 23 – Ptolemy Caesar, son of Julius Caesar and pharaoh of Egypt ( b. 47 BC )