Calculations with infinitesimals were widely replaced with the ( ε, δ )- definition of limit starting in the 1870s.

The algorithm was named after Nicholas Metropolis, who was an author along with Arianna W. Rosenbluth, Marshall N. Rosenbluth, Augusta H. Teller, and Edward Teller of the 1953 paper Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines which first proposed the algorithm for the specific case of the Boltzmann distribution ; and W. Keith Hastings, who extended it to the more general case in 1970.

Calculations suggest that the cluster will take about 250 million years to disperse, with gravitational interactions with giant molecular clouds and the spiral arms of our galaxy also hastening its demise.

Calculations using a quantum-tunneling model predict the existence of several neutron-rich isotopes of ununoctium with alpha-decay half-lives close to 1 ms.

Calculations using a quantum-tunneling model predict the existence of several isotopes of ununseptium with alpha-decay half-lives up to over 10 ms, culminating at < sup > 296 </ sup > Uus ( the research ends on < sup > 303 </ sup > Uus ).

Calculations of the loss of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere of Mars, resulting from scavenging of ions by the solar wind, are consistent with a near-total loss of its atmosphere since the magnetic field of Mars turned off.

* Calculations with GBM processes are relatively easy.

Calculations indicated that repeated air strikes with large bombs could be effective, but required a degree of accuracy which Bomber Command had been unable to attain in the face of enemy defences.

Calculations made by Heyerdahl before the trip had indicated that 97 days was the minimum amount of time required to reach the Tuamotu islands, so that the encounter with Angatau showed that they had made good time.

Calculations of UV irradiance based on relationships with total ozone and total irradiance suggest that UV irradiance has increased since the early 1980s by 6-14 % at more than 10 sites distributed over mid-and high latitudes of both hemispheres.

# Easy Calculations for Matching the Days of the Month with the Days of the Week in Dates

Calculations of the lower excited levels of benzene by Sklar in 1937 ( with the valence bond method ) and later in 1938 by Goeppert-Mayer and Sklar ( with the molecular orbital method ) demonstrated a correspondence between the theoretical predictions and experimental results of the benzene spectrum.

If the player answered that they can speak, the game begins with a Stroop test ; if the player cannot use the microphone, the game picks a random puzzle from the following: Calculations X 20, Word Memory, Connect Maze, Number Cruncher, and Speed Counting.

Calculations X 20 presents the player with 20 mathematical equations, including addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

Calculations X 100, which is the same as Calculations X 20, although with 100 questions instead of 20.

* A Table of Calculations for use with the Field Force Gauge for Testing Shot Guns, 1882.

Calculations of the interfacial tension of the microemulsion with a coexisting oil or aqueous phase are also often of special focus and may sometimes be used to guide their formulation.

In his book Economic Calculations and Forms of Ownership ( Calcul économique et formes de proprieté ), Bettelheim re-thinks the problems of transition to socialism, while criticizing the supposition that nationalization and state ownership of the means of production was already " socialist "— it is not the legal form of property, but true socialization of the web of production, which characterizes such a transition ; the crucial problem in socialist planning is the replacement of the form of " value " with the development of a method of measurement which takes into account the social utility of production.

Calculations were carried out using a yupana ( Quechua for " counting tool "; see figure ) which was still in use after the conquest of Peru.

Calculations of the addresses ( such as base + index ) were less expensive because they were performed by a special unit in the 286.

* Calculations by him of eclipses for eighteen hundred years were inserted in L ' Art de vérifier les dates by Benedictine historian Charles Clémencet ( 1750 )

Calculations by these methods produced accurate Hartree – Fock self-consistent field ( SCF ) molecular orbitals and were used to study boranes and carboranes.

Calculations for determining seismic hazard were first formulated by C. Allin Cornell in 1968 and, depending on their level of importance and use, can be quite complex.

Arm first used the term in 1981, when he wrote a letter under his given name Mark McLaughlin to the Seattle zine Desperate Times, criticizing his band Mr. Epp and the Calculations as " Pure grunge!

Massive Star Supernovae Explosions: In the image, three-Dimensional Radiation Hydrodynamics Calculations of Massive Star Supernovae Explosions The DJEHUTY stellar evolution code was used to calculate the explosion of SN 1987A model in three dimensions.

Calculations used to design expansion chambers take into account only the primary wave actions.

Calculations of electron affinities using this statement of Koopmans ' theorem have been criticized on the grounds that virtual ( unoccupied ) orbitals do not have well-founded physical interpretations, and that their orbital energies are very sensitive to the choice of basis set used in the calculation.

Calculations show that the energy must be delivered quickly in order to compress the core before it disassembles.

Calculations show that the energy must be delivered quickly in order to compress the core before it disassembles, as well as creating a suitable shock wave.

Calculations show that the energy must be delivered quickly in order to compress the core before it disassembles, as well as creating a suitable shock wave.

Calculations are performed on these objects, as opposed to a range of cells, so adding two time series automatically aligns them in calendar time, or in a user-defined time frame.

Calculations within the Copernican framework always raised questions about planetary configurations.

Calculations showed that its unusual fragmented form was due to a previous closer approach to Jupiter in July 1992.

Calculations showed that Fawkes, who was skilled in the use of gunpowder, had deployed double the amount needed.

Calculations in statistical mechanics rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical.

* Pentaneutron: Calculations indicate that the hypothetical pentaneutron state, consisting of a cluster of five neutrons, would not be bound.

Calculations of density from the X-ray diffraction data may produce the most reliable data for these elements, giving a value of for iridium versus for osmium.

* Calculations occur as soon as an operator is specified.

Calculations in the 1970s suggested that it may actually be weakly first-order due to the effect of long-range fluctuations in the electromagnetic field.

Mental Calculations.

Calculations in celestial mechanics can also be carried out using the unit of solar mass rather than the standard SI unit kilogram.

Calculations by both John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier predicted the general position of the planet, and Le Verrier's calculations are what led Johann Gottfried Galle to the discovery of Neptune.

Calculations are further complicated by the effects of shadowing and thermal " reillumination ", whether caused by local craters or a possible overall concave shape.

In the subsequent paper entitled Experiments and Calculations Relative to Physical Optics, published in 1804, Young describes an experiment in which he placed a narrow card ( approx.

Calculations for measurements performed on a system S postulate a Hilbert space H over the complex numbers.