Callicott is, perhaps, best known for his research which explores an Aldo Leopold ethic as a response to global climate change.

Callicott supports a holistic, non-anthropocentric environmental ethic which is in accordance with Leopold's view that " A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community.

J. Baird Callicott is an American philosopher whose work has been at the forefront of the new field of environmental philosophy and ethics.

Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac is one of environmental philosophy ’ s seminal texts, and Callicott is widely considered to be the leading contemporary exponent of Leopold's land ethic.

Callicott ’ s Earth ’ s Insights ( 1994 ) is also considered an important contribution to the budding field of comparative environmental philosophy ; a special edition of the journal Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion ( Vol.

It is wrong when it tends otherwise " — Callicott espouses a holistic, non-anthropocentric environmental ethic.

Callicott offers a subjectivist theory of nature ’ s intrinsic value: he does not challenge the modern classical distinction between subject and object, but rather insists that all value originates in subjects ( human or otherwise ) and is conferred by those subjects on various objects.

Callicott has worked with conservation biologists to develop a philosophy of conservation and conservation values and ethics, based in part on the recent paradigm shift in ecology from what he calls the “ balance of nature ” to the “ flux of nature .” He has been a strong critic of the “ received wilderness idea ”: the idea that wildernesses are places that are “ untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain .” That idea, Callicott claims in The Great New Wilderness Debate ( 1998 ), perpetuates a pre-Darwinian human-nature dualism ; in effect, it “ erases ” from collective memory the indigenous inhabitants of North America and Australia, liberating the current inhabitants of those continents from disturbing thoughts of their own heritage of genocide.

In sum, Callicott is a theoretical monist and an interpersonal and normative pluralist.

As Andrew Light observes, Callicott does not insist that the Leopold land ethic is based on the uniquely true worldview of evolutionary biology and ecology.

Callicott ’ s justification for this claim is an analysis based on the following criteria for tenability: self-consistency ; comprehensiveness ; self-correction ; universality ; and beauty.

When the details of that worldview are shown to be inconsistent with themselves or unable to account for all the facts, the theory is revised accordingly ; the evolutionary-ecological worldview is thus self-correcting and is therefore, Callicott believes, becoming ever more refined.

Callicott counters that his quarrel is with an idea, not the places trammeled by the idea, the preservation of which places he appears to be as ardently supportive as any other environmentalist.

This idea indicates by its very name what the primary goal of wildland preservation is, whereas the wilderness idea is historically associated with outdoor recreation and thus, Callicott claims, confuses the preservation issue and fosters incoherent and contradictory wildlands-use policies.

Callicott ’ s book In Defense of the Land Ethic ( 1989 ) explores the intellectual foundations of Leopold's outlook and seeks to provide it with a more complete philosophical treatment ; and a following publication titled Beyond the Land Ethic ( 1999 ) further extends Leopold ’ s environmental philosophy.

As “ an expatriate Southerner, fresh from the pitched battles of the Civil Rights struggle in Memphis, Tennessee ,” Callicott believed that “ the environment was under wholesale assault from every direction with no surcease in sight ” and that “ Civil Rights was a cause already won in the republic of ideas and in the courts ( if not on Main Street in Memphis ).” He “ was a concerned citizen, but was also, more particularly, a challenged philosopher .” So Callicott asked “ how, as a philosopher, could contribute to a rethinking of human nature and a reconstruction of human values to help bring them into line with the relatively new ideas about the nature of the environment emerging from ecology and the new physics .”

Among many other speakers: Tyler Volk, Co-director of the Program in Earth and Environmental Science at New York University ; Dr. Donald Aitken, Principal of Donald Aitken Associates ; Dr. Thomas Lovejoy, President of the Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Environment ; Robert Correll, Senior Fellow, Atmospheric Policy Program, American Meteorological Society and noted environmental ethicist, J. Baird Callicott.

“ Callicott, J. Baird 1941 –.” Pages 129-130 in J. Baird Callicott and Robert Frodeman, eds., Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy.

* Callicott, J. Baird and Robert Frodeman, eds .- in-chief ( 2009 ).

* Nelson, Michael P. ( 2005 ) “ Callicott, J. Baird ( 1941 -).” Pages 252-254 in Bron Taylor and Jeffrey Kaplan, eds., Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature.

Land, Value, and Community: Callicott and Environmental Philosophy, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Callicott held the position of Professor of Philosophy and Natural Resources at the University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point from 1969 to 1995, where he taught the world ’ s first course in environmental ethics in 1971.

Callicott writes that “ the landscape that had helped shape and inspire the nascent evolutionary-ecological thought of the youthful Muir and that of the mature Leopold was the perfect setting for ( me ) to inaugurate ( my ) life-long vocation as a founder of academic environmental philosophy .” In 1995, he joined the Department of Philosophy and Religion Studies at the University of North Texas in Denton.

* J. Baird Callicott ( Philosophy Department, 1965 – 94 ) – founder of academic environmental ethics discipline ; now at the University of North Texas

In response to Callicott ’ s elaboration of the Aldo Leopold land ethic, the land ethic ( and, by implication, Callicott ’ s own non-anthropocentric, holistic environmental ethic to the extent that it may differ from Leopold ’ s ) has been subject to the charge of “ ecofascism ,” notably leveled by Tom Regan.

In response, Callicott offered two second-order principles as a framework to adjudicate between conflicting first-order duties: 1 ) “ obligations generated by membership in more venerable and intimate communities take precedence over those generated in more recently emerged and impersonal communities ”; 2 ) “ stronger interests take precedence over duties generated by weaker interests .” Because our various human community memberships are both more venerable and intimate and because human interests in enjoying rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are very strong, Callicott argues that our traditional obligations to individual fellow human beings trump our obligations to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community — at least, he believes, when it comes to the prospect of culling members of the overpopulous Homo sapiens species.

In addition, his arrangement for " Cottonfield Blues " was performed by early Delta blues musicians Garfield Akers and Mississippi Joe Callicott in 1929.

* Callicott, J. Baird ( 2009 ).

* Callicott, J. Baird ( 2009 ).

J. Baird Callicott

* Ransom M. Callicott, restaurateur and politician

* J. Baird Callicott

J. Baird Callicott, University Distinguished Research Professor at the University of North Texas, Denton.

Callicott was instrumental in developing the field of environmental philosophy and in 1971 taught the world's first course in environmental ethics.

Callicott was born in Memphis, Tennessee on May 9, 1941, to distinguished regional artist and art instructor Burton H. Callicott ( 1907 – 2003 ), of the Memphis Academy of Arts ( now Memphis College of Arts ).

In 1959, Callicott graduated from Memphis's then racially segregated Messick High School and attended Southwestern at Memphis ( now Rhodes College ), earning a B.

For 26 years, Callicott lived and taught in the northern reaches of Wisconsin's sand counties, located on the Wisconsin River, just ninety miles from Aldo Leopold's storied shack and John Muir's first homestead on Fountain Lake, the region that stirred the souls of two very influential environmental thinkers.

The addition of Callicott ’ s expertise helped cement its standing as the world's leading program in the field.

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-- liberal considers that the need for a national economy with controls that will assure his conception of social justice is so great that individual and local liberties as well as democratic processes may have to yield before it.

Why, in the first place, call himself a liberal if he is against laissez-faire and favors an authoritarian central government with womb-to-tomb controls over everybody??

In fact it has caused us to give serious thought to moving our residence south, because it is not easy for the most objective Southerner to sit calmly by when his host is telling a roomful of people that the only way to deal with Southerners who oppose integration is to send in troops and shoot the bastards down.

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Only one rule prevailed in my conversations with these men: The more highly placed they are -- that is, the more they know -- the more concerned they have become.

He was, and is, with the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit pool of thinkers financed by the U.S. Air Force.

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