* Vatican Website with Canon Law of Roman Catholic Church

In the Roman Catholic Church according to the norms of the Code of Canon Law 1983 a Benedictine abbey is a " religious institute ", and its professed members are therefore members of the " Consecrated Life ", commonly referred to as " Religious ".

St. Sava's Nomocanon was the compilation of Civil law, based on Roman Law and Canon law, based on Ecumenical Councils and its basic purpose was to organize functioning of the young Serbian kingdom and the Serbian church.

It remains a matter of Canon Law ( and often a criterion for certain religious orders, especially Franciscans ) that priests do not own land and therefore cannot pass it on to legitimate or illegitimate children.

Consequently, canon 351 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law requires that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment, and that those who are not already bishops must receive episcopal consecration, a rule from which dispensation may be obtained from the pope, as by Cardinals Roberto Tucci, Albert Vanhoye, Domenico Bartolucci and most recently Karl Josef Becker.

With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV, only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals.

This situation impelled Pope St. Pius X to order the creation of the first Code of Canon Law, a single volume of clearly stated laws.

Under the aegis of the Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law was completed under Benedict XV, who promulgated the Code, effective in 1918.

Cover of the 1917 Code of Canon Law

After multiple drafts and many years of discussion, Pope John Paul II promulgated the revised Code of Canon Law ( CIC ) in 1983.

According to Christian Tradition and Canon Law, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria only ordains men to the priesthood and episcopate, and if they wish to be married, they must be married before they are ordained.

A similar declaration was issued with regard to Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo's conferring of episcopal ordination on four men-all of whom, by virtue of previous Independent Catholic consecrations, claimed already to be bishops-on 24 September 2006: the Holy See, as well as stating that, in accordance with Canon 1382 of the Code of Canon Law, all five men involved incurred automatic (" latae sententiae ") excommunication through their actions, declared that " the Church does not recognise and does not intend in the future to recognise these ordinations or any ordinations derived from them, and she holds that the canonical state of the four alleged bishops is the same as it was prior to the ordination.

A modern version of this appeal to catholic consensus is found in the Canon Law of the Church of England and also in the liturgy published in Common Worship:

* Territorial Jurisdiction According to Orthodox Canon Law.

The Phenomenon of Ethnophyletism in Recent Years, a paper read at the International Congress of Canon Law, 2001, ( Ecumenical Patriarchate website )

* Ken Pennington, " Medieval Canonists ; A Bio-Bibliographical Listing compiled for the History of Medieval Canon Law

" In the 1983 Code of Canon Law, " The Latin words sacerdos and sacerdotium are used to refer in general to the ministerial priesthood shared by bishops and presbyters.

* Doctor of Canon Law, also " JCD ", from Latin ( Iuris Canonici Doctor )

The Corpus forms the basis of Latin jurisprudence ( including ecclesiastical Canon Law ) and, for historians, provides a valuable insight into the concerns and activities of the later Roman Empire.

The Code of Canon Law 332 § 2 states, " If it happens that the Roman Pontiff resigns his office, it is required for validity that the resignation is made freely and properly manifested but not that it is accepted by anyone.

Though his absence from the 1958 conclave did not make him ineligible – under Canon Law any Catholic male may be elected – the College of Cardinals usually chose the new Pope from among themselves.

Decentralized authority and increased independence of the Uniate Churches were aimed at in the Canon Law / Corpis Iuris Canonici ( CIC ) reform.

In June 1476, he started his studies at the University of Leuven, where he pursued philosophy, theology and Canon Law, due to a scholarship granted by Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy, becoming a Doctor of Theology in 1491, Dean of St. Peter's and vice-chancellor of the university.

In the Latin-Rite ( i. e. Western ) Catholic Church, the sacrament is to be conferred at about the age of discretion ( generally taken to be about 7 ), unless the Episcopal Conference has decided on a different age, or there is danger of death or, in the judgement of the minister, a grave reason suggests otherwise ( canon 891 of the Code of Canon Law ).

In the Roman Catholic Church, canon 436 of the Code of Canon Law indicates what these powers and duties are for a Latin Rite metropolitan archbishop, while those of the head of an autonomous ( sui iuris ) Eastern Catholic Church are indicated in canon 157 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

Note: Canon sources are mixed as to whether R2-D2 has a gender, but Wallace ( an official source ) indicates that the droid has masculine programming.

Catholic Christians, following the Canon of Trent, describe these books as deuterocanonical, meaning of " the second canon ," while Greek Orthodox Christians, following the Synod of Jerusalem ( 1672 ), use the traditional name of anagignoskomena, meaning " that which is to be read.

Canon ( Latin canon from Greek " measuring rod, standard ") may refer to any standard or convention.

* The Western Canon ( book ), book on the Western canon by Harold Bloom

Canon 28 grants equal privileges () to Constantinople as of Rome because Constantinople is the New Rome as renewed by canon 36 of the Quinisext Council.

In light of this questioning of the canon of Scripture by Protestants in the 16th century, the ( Roman Catholic ) Council of Trent reaffirmed the traditional western canon ( i. e., the canon accepted at the 4th-century Council of Rome and Council of Carthage ), thus making the Canon of Trent and the Vulgate Bible dogma in the Catholic Church.

Nonetheless, full dogmatic articulations of the canon were not made until the Canon of Trent of 1546 for Roman Catholicism, the Thirty-Nine Articles of 1563 for the Church of England, the Westminster Confession of Faith of 1647 for Calvinism, and the Synod of Jerusalem of 1672 for the Greek Orthodox.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia article on the Canon of the New Testament: " The idea of a complete and clear-cut canon of the New Testament existing from the beginning, that is from Apostolic times, has no foundation in history.

Besides this, Prakrit appears in literature in the form of Pāli Canon of Theravada Buddhists, Prakrit canon of the Jains, Prakrit grammars and in lyrics, plays and epics of the times.

The major canon approved by this council is Canon 29, which prohibits resting on the Sabbath ( Saturday ), restricting Christians to honoring the Lord on Sunday.

For example, the tantra sections of the Tibetan Buddhist canon of texts sometimes include material not usually thought of as tantric outside the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, such as the Heart Sutra and even versions of some material found in the Pali Canon.

Metz Cathedral | St. Etienne's Cathedral in Metz, where Bossuet was made a Canon ( priest ) | canon at age 13 in 1640

Elias Gottlob Haussmann | Haussmann's portrait of Bach depicts him holding the manuscript to BWV 1076, which is also the thirteenth canon in the Goldberg Canon cycle.

The 1917 Code of Canon Law, which abolished all ecclesiastical penalties not mentioned in the Code itself ( canon 6 ), made " anathema " synonymous with " excommunication " ( canon 2257 ).

" In 1994, in The Western Canon, Harold Bloom wrote of Finnegans Wake: " aesthetic merit were ever again to center the canon would be as close as our chaos could come to the heights of Shakespeare and Dante ," and in 1998 the Modern Library placed Finnegans Wake seventy-seventh amongst its list of " Top 100 English-language novels of the twentieth century.

Following the Gregorian Reform's emphasis on canon law and the study of the sacraments, bishops formed cathedral schools to train the clergy in Canon law, but also in the more secular aspects of religious administration, including logic and disputation for use in preaching and theological discussion, and accounting to more effectively control finances.

canon 844 of the Code of Canon Law as follows:

Before the Second Vatican Council, the main stress was laid on this second aspect, as exemplified in canon 1258 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law: