In geology and mineralogy, the term " carbonate " can refer both to carbonate minerals and carbonate rock ( which is made of chiefly carbonate minerals ), and both are dominated by the carbonate ion, CO. Carbonate minerals are extremely varied and ubiquitous in chemically precipitated sedimentary rock.

The largest of the mines is in Carbonate Canyon, adjacent to Havasu Falls, where rails and timbers still can be found descending three levels.

By combining the chemistry of a particular product ( CCE ) and its particle size the Effective Calcium Carbonate Equivalent ( ECCE ) is determined. The ECCE is percentage comparison of a particular agricultural limestone with pure calcium carbonate with all particles smaller than 60 mesh. Typically the aglime materials in commercial use will have ECCE ranging from 45 percent to 110 percent.

Carbonate alkalinity is a measure of the amount of carbonate and bicarbonate anions in solution.

Carbonate alkalinity is often the major component of a natural solution's total alkalinity.

* Carbonate / bicarbonate / carbonic acid equilibrium in water: pH of solutions, buffer capacity, titration and species distribution vs. pH computed with a free spreadsheet

On February 8, 1879, the Colorado legislature renamed Lake County as Carbonate County, although this designation name only lasted for two days, until Chaffee County was split off from Carbonate's southern section on February 10 and the remaining northern portion was redesignated Lake County with its current county seat of Leadville.

On February 10 the two counties were renamed, with the southern part of Lake County becoming Chaffee County, and Carbonate County becoming Lake County.

Carbonate rocks are classified with the Dunham or Folk classification schemes according to the constituents of the carbonate rock.

' Carbonate nodules along with fossil bivalves, coprolites, marine snails, lungfish toothplates, and tetrapods are found in the Petrified Forest Member.

Carbonate ores are also smelted with charcoal, but sometimes need to be calcined first.

* Carbonate with hydroxide: Monoclinic

Carbonate minerals like calcite contain CO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup > 2 –</ sup > groups that can be converted to CO < sub > 2 </ sub > gas by reaction with concentrated phosphoric acid.

Carbonate rocks are rare, indicating that the oceans were more acidic due to dissolved carbon dioxide than during the Proterozoic.

Carbonate and bicarbonate anions contribute to alkalinity due to their basic nature, hence their ability to neutralize acid.

* Carbonate sedimentary rocks are composed of calcite ( rhombohedral ), aragonite ( orthorhombic ), dolomite (), and other carbonate minerals based on the ion.

Carbonate rocks dominantly consist of carbonate minerals like calcite, aragonite or dolomite.

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion: CO < sub > 3 </ sub >

Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals.

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion: CO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup > 2 -</ sup >.

* Carbonate and bicarbonate: regular high doses may cause alkalosis, which in turn may result in altered excretion of other drugs, and kidney stones.

Between February 8 and February 10, 1879, Carbonate County was created by the Colorado legislature out of northern Lake County.

Other mountains in Hailey are Carbonate, Quigley, Red Devil, and Della.

* Dietrich, R. V., 2002, Carbonate Concretions -- A Bibliography, The Wayback Machine.

and PDF file of Carbonate Concretions -- A Bibliography, CMU Online Digital Object Repository, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan.

The deepening sea left Carbonate deposits, forming the limestone of the Kaibab Limestone, the same formation that rims the Grand Canyon to the southwest.

* Folk, R. and Robles, P. ( 1964 ) " Carbonate sands of Isla Perez, Alacran Reef Complex, Yucatan.

( 1987 ) Introduction to Carbonate Sediments and Rocks.

In: SEPM Special Publication 78: Permo-Carboniferous Carbonate Platforms and Reefs, Edited By: Wayne M. Ahr, Paul M. ( Mitch ) Harris, William A. Morgan, and Ian D. Somerville.

The sound of a drum depends on several variables, including shape, size and thickness of its shell, materials from which the shell was made, counterhoop material, type of drumhead used and tension applied to it, position of the drum, location, and the velocity and angle in which it is struck.

In some cases mineral replacement of the original shell occurs so gradually and at such fine scales that microstructural features are preserved despite the total loss of original material.

Coco Peat, also known as coir or coco, is the leftover material after the fibres have been removed from the outermost shell ( bolster ) of the coconut.

") or a hypothetical one (" If one were to build an unobtainium shell around a black hole's event horizon, what would happen to the material piling up on it?

:( M-107 NC / DC ): Explosive Composition B material packed into a thick, internally scored shell which causes a large blast and sends razor-sharp fragments at extreme velocities ( 5, 000 – 6, 000 meters per second ).

Basic layers are an outer shell of breathable polyethylene film or a nonwoven and film composite which prevents wetness and soil transfer, an inner absorbent layer of a mixture of air-laid paper and superabsorbent polymers for wetness, and a layer nearest the skin of nonwoven material with a distribution layer directly beneath which transfers wetness to the absorbent layer.

Modern cloth diapers come in a host of shapes, including preformed cloth diapers, all-in-one diapers with waterproof exteriors, fitted diaper with covers and pocket or " stuffable " diapers, which consist of a water-resistant outer shell sewn with an opening for insertion of absorbent material inserts.

According to Vaishnava belief Vishnu creates the basic universal shell and provides all the raw materials and also places the living entities within the material world, fulfilling their own independent will.

* 70, 000 BCE A hollow rock, shell, or other natural found object was filled with moss or a similar material that was soaked in animal fat and then ignited.

Different tape material requires differing amounts of bias, which is why most recorders have a switch to select this ( or, in a cassette recorder, switch automatically based on cutouts in the cassette shell ).

Certain formulae are used which give the thickness of the shell walls for a known chamber pressure in the gun, and for a particular stress on the shell material.

Some shell collectors find their own material and keep careful records, or buy only " specimen shells ", which means shells which have full collecting data: information including how, when, where, in what habitat, and by whom, the shells were collected.

On one of these visits Obatala, the King of White Clothes, took to the stage equipped with a mollusk that held in its shell some form of soil ; two winged beasts and some cloth like material.

This is equivalent to the energy required to free an outer shell electron from its orbit about the nucleus to become a mobile charge carrier, able to move freely within the solid material.

By examining " hotter " and " cooler " spark plugs of the same manufacturer side by side, the principle involved can be very clearly seen ; the cooler plugs have a more substantial ceramic insulator filling the gap between the center electrode and the shell, effectively allowing more heat to be carried off by the shell, while the hotter plugs have less ceramic material, so that the tip is more isolated from the body of the plug and retains heat better.

Organisms with open shells can grow by adding new material to the aperture of their shell, as is the case in snails, bivalves and other molluscans.

The release of the artha of the pratyaya is similar to cracking open the shell of a seed to discover the essential elements of the seed, the genetic material, protected by the shell.

By the late 1980s, thanks to such improvements in the electronics, the tape material and manufacturing techniques, as well as dramatic improvements to the precision of the cassette shell, tape heads and transport mechanics, sound fidelity on equipment from the top manufacturers far surpassed the levels originally expected of the medium.

* Oil well drilling: The shell is used widely in oil well drilling for lost circulation material in making and maintaining seals in fracture zones and unconsolidated formations.

As a technique, passivating is using a light coat of material such as metal oxide to create a shell against corrosion.

In a bomb, a dense shell of material surrounding the fissile core will contain, via inertia, the expanding fissioning material.