* 218 BC – Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia – Hannibal's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Roman Republic.

Minucius openly claimed that Fabius was cowardly because he failed to confront the Carthaginian forces.

After defeating the Syracusan and Carthaginian forces besieging Messana, the Romans marched south and in turn besieged Syracuse.

The latter were amassing forces to invade farther south in Italy, presumably with Carthaginian backing.

The latter were amassing forces to invade Italy, presumably with Carthaginian backing.

In Hispania, a young Roman commander, Publius Cornelius Scipio ( later to be given the agnomen Africanus because of his feats during this war ), eventually defeated the larger but divided Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal and two other Carthaginian generals.

Despite these setbacks, the Roman forces were more capable in siegecraft than the Carthaginians and recaptured all the major cities that had joined the enemy, as well as defeating a Carthaginian attempt to reinforce Hannibal at the battle of the Metaurus.

The Carthaginian army in Iberia, excluding the forces in Africa, totaled, according to Polybius, 90, 000 infantry, 12, 000 cavalry and 37 war elephants: it was thus one of the largest in the Hellenistic world and equal in numbers to any that the Romans had yet fielded.

In the aftermath the Carthaginian forces retreated, but the Romans were still confined to the area between Ebro and Pyrenees.

** Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian general who has assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome, helped Carthage win the Mercenary War and brought extensive territory in the Iberian Peninsula under Carthaginian control ( b. c. 270 BC )

However, he still sends an army into Spain under his elder brother Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus to deal with the Carthaginian forces still there.

Lipara became a Carthaginian naval base during the first Punic War, but fell to Roman forces in 252-251 BC, and again to Agrippa in Octavian's campaign against Pompey.

** Hannibal, Carthaginian statesman, military commander and tactician, one of history's great military leaders, who has commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War ( b. 247 BC )

* The Battle of Adis ( or Adys ) is fought near the city of that name, 40 miles ( 64 kilometres ) southeast of Carthage, between Carthaginian forces and a Roman army led by Marcus Atilius Regulus.

However, on his return to Carthage, Hannibal concentrates the remnants of the Carthaginian forces at Hadrumetum ( modern Sousse, Tunisia ) and prepares them for battle.

The combined Carthaginian forces defeat the Roman force led by Flaccus and Pulcher, the latter of whom will soon die of wounds he has sustained.

* The Battle of Herdonia is fought between Hannibal's Carthaginian army and Roman forces who are laying siege to Herdonia led by praetor Gnaeus Fulvius Flaccus, brother of the consul, Quintus Fulvius Flaccus.

* After a two years ' siege, Roman general, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, gradually forces his way into Syracuse and takes it in the face of strong Carthaginian reinforcements and despite the use of engines of war designed by the Greek mathematician and scientist Archimedes ( such as the Claw of Archimedes ).

* Roman legions led by Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus defeat Hanno's Carthaginian forces in a battle near Beneventum, thus denying Hannibal much needed reinforcements.

The first group are those Roman officers captured by Hannibal's forces in the Battle of Cannae who have come as Carthaginian hostages to Rome to plead for their ransom ( and those of their fellow prisoners ), and who then refuse to return to Carthaginian captivity when the Senate refuses to ransom any prisoners.

In addition, Scipio ordered the cavalry to blow loud horns to frighten the beasts, which partly succeeded, and several rampaging elephants turned towards the Carthaginian left wing and disordered it completely.

The Carthaginian right wing and center held their ground and the War elephants, before being overcome, initially succeeded in breaking the Roman lines and spreading mass confusion, making the initial combat favorable to Hasdrubal.

He is succeeded in command of the Carthaginian armies in Iberia by his son-in-law Hasdrubal, who extends the newly acquired empire by skillful diplomacy, and consolidates it by the foundation of Carthago Nova ( Cartagena ) as the capital of the new province.

Archeological site of Tossal de Manises, ancient Iberians | Iberian – Carthaginian – Ancient Rome | Roman city of " Akra-Leuke " or " Lucentum "

It was built on the site of the previous Carthaginian settlement that overlies an earlier neolithic habitation.

Marsala is built on the ruins of the ancient Carthaginian city Lilibeo, and encompasses the famous archaeological site Motya island ( an ancient Phoenician town ).

They called the islands " Gorgades " in remembering the home of the mythical Gorgons killed by Perseus and afterwards-in typically ancient euhemerism-interpreted ( against the written original statement ) as the site where the Carthaginian Hanno the Navigator slew two female " Gorillai " and brought their skins into the temple of the female deity Tanit ( the Carthaginian Juno ) in Carthage.

After the Carthaginian Republic, the Roman Empire came and left a lasting effect on the land with various monuments and cities such the El-Jem Amphitheater and the archaeological site of the ancient city of Carthage, which is classified as a world heritage site.

This archaeological recovery is from an era of Roman Empire occupation of this provincial capital, which site was known to embody a very highly developed ancient civilization since its days as a Phoenician and Carthaginian colony.

His father, Hamilcar Barca, was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War, his younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal, and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair.

Historical events, which led to the defeat of Carthage during the First Punic War when his father commanded the Carthaginian Army, led Hannibal to plan the invasion of Italy by land across the Alps.

In Iberia, Carthaginian rule was not popular, but Roman inaction during the siege of Saguntum had made the natives cautious about an alliance against their masters.

* Hasdrubal Gisco, Carthaginian general who has fought against Rome in Iberia and North Africa during the Second Punic War, customarily identified as the son of Gisco ( suicide )

** Mago Barca, Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War against Rome who has accompanied his brother Hannibal on the invasion of Italy ( b. 243 BC )

** Fabius Maximus Cunctator, Roman general and statesman whose cautious delaying tactics ( which have led to his surname Cunctator, meaning " delayer ") during the early stages of the Second Punic War has given Rome time to recover its strength and take the offensive against the invading Carthaginian army of Hannibal ( b. c. 275 BC )

** Hasdrubal Gisco, Carthaginian general who has fought against Rome in Iberia and North Africa during the Second Punic War, customarily identified as the son of Gisco ( suicide )

The causes leading the Selinuntines to abandon the cause of the other Greeks, and take part with the Carthaginians during the great expedition of Hamilcar ( 480 BCE ) are unknown ; they had even promised to send a contingent to the Carthaginian army, which, however did not arrive till after its defeat

He became the leading Carthaginian commander during the Second Punic War.

* Mago Barca, Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War against Rome who has accompanied his brother Hannibal on the invasion of Italy ( b. 243 BC )

* Fabius Maximus Cunctator, Roman general and statesman whose cautious delaying tactics ( which have led to his surname Cunctator, meaning " delayer ") during the early stages of the Second Punic War has given Rome time to recover its strength and take the offensive against the invading Carthaginian army of Hannibal ( b. c. 275 BC )

* Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian general who has assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome, helped Carthage win the Mercenary War and brought extensive territory in the Iberian Peninsula under Carthaginian control ( b. c. 270 BC )

Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC during the latter stages of the First Punic War.

Hamilcar Barca was blamed by Carthaginian Leaders for causing the Mercenary War by making unrealistic promises to his soldiers, especially the Celts during his command in Sicily.

Shortly after the start of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian general Hannibal boldly crossed into Italy by traversing the Alps during the winter.

* Hamilcar, son of Hanno, led the Carthaginian forces at the Battle of Himera in 480 BC during the First Sicilian War