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Casimir I the Restorer (; b. Kraków, 25 July 1016 – d. Poznań, 28 November 1058 ), was a Duke of Poland of the Piast dynasty and the de facto monarch of the entire country from 1034 until his death.
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Casimir and I
Casimir III the Great () ( 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370 ) who reigned in 1333 – 1370, was the last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty, the son of King Władysław I the Elbow-high and Duchess Hedwig of Kalisz.
When Casimir, the last Piast king of Poland, died in 1370, his nephew King Louis I of Hungary succeeded him to become king of Poland in personal union with Hungary.
Casimir is the only Polish king who both received and kept the title of the Great in Polish history ( Bolesław I Chrobry is also called the Great, but his title Chrobry ( Valiant ) is now more common ).
In 1355 in Buda, Casimir designated Louis I of Hungary as his successor.
On 14 February 1479 at Frankfurt ( Oder ) he was married to Sophia of Poland ( 6 April 1464-5 October 1512 ), daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland by his wife Elisabeth of Habsburg, and sister of King Sigismund I of Poland.
Poznań and Gniezno were early centres of royal power, but following devastation of the region by pagan rebellion in the 1030s, and the invasion of Bretislaus I of Bohemia in 1038, the capital was moved by Casimir the Restorer from Gniezno to Kraków.
This was followed by a collapse of the monarchy and restoration under Casimir I. Casimir's son Bolesław II the Bold became fatally involved in a conflict with the ecclesiastical authority, and was expelled from the country.
The Kingdom was restored under Władysław I the Elbow-high, strengthened and expanded by his son Casimir III the Great.
* Hedwig of Kalisz ( 1266 – 1339 ), wife of the King Władysław I the Elbow-high and mother of Casimir III of Poland and Elisabeth of Poland.
During the reign of Casimir I the Restorer, Kraków for the first time became the capital of Poland ( around 1040 ), since Greater Poland and Silesia, with main Polish urban centers, such as Gniezno and Poznań were ravaged by Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia.
Among them were Boleslaw IV the Curly, Mieszko III the Old, Casimir II the Just, Leszek I the White, Boleslaw V the Chaste, Leszek II the Black, Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high, and King of Bohemia, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, who united Lesser Poland in 1290 / 1291.
Mieszko II's only son and heir, Casimir I, was either expelled by this insurrection, or the insurrection was caused by the aristocracy's expulsion of him.
# Casimir I the Restorer ( b. 25 July 1016 – d. 19 March 1058 ).
Poznań's cathedral was the place of burial of the early Piast monarchs ( Mieszko I, Boleslaus I, Mieszko II, Casimir I ), and later of Przemysł I and King Przemysł II.
Poland was reunited under Casimir I the Restorer in 1039, but the capital was moved to Kraków, which had been relatively unaffected by the troubles.
Charles I of Hungary, Casimir III of Poland and John of Bohemia agreed to create new commercial routes to bypass the staple port Vienna and obtain easier access to other European markets.
A member of the House of Hohenzollern, Wilhelm was the son of Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, the brother of Albert, Duke of Prussia, and the grandson of Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg and Casimir IV Jagiellon.
* July 26 – Duke Casimir I of Poland ( Polish: Kazimierz I Odnowiciel )
* Casimir I of Poland ( b. 1015 )
Casimir and Restorer
** Maria Dobroniega of Kiev (~ 1012 ), the Duchess of Poland ( 1040 – 1087 ), married around 1040 to Casimir I the Restorer, Duke of Poland
Poznań and Gniezno were early centers of royal power, but following the region's devastation by pagan rebellion in the 1030s, and an invasion by Bretislaus I of Bohemia in 1038, the capital was moved by Casimir the Restorer from Gniezno to Kraków.
* Restoration of Poland carried out by Casimir I the Restorer
He was the second son of Casimir I the Restorer by his wife Maria Dobroniega, daughter of Vladimir the Great, Grand Duke of Kiev.
Casimir is known as the Restorer because he managed to reunite all parts of the Polish Kingdom after a period of turmoil.
Casimir the Restorer, by Jan Matejko | Matejko
Casimir the Restorer returning to Poland, by Wojciech Gerson.
simple: Casimir I the Restorer
The importance of mining deposits arose after the capital of Poland was moved from Gniezno to Kraków by Casimir I the Restorer.
However, after the defeat of Miecław in 1047 Pomerelians accepted the rule of duke Casimir I the Restorer and the province remained as part of Poland till the 1060s when it broke it ties with the realm.
# REDIRECT Casimir I the Restorer
** Duke Casimir I the Restorer
When Poland's unity was restored by Casimir the Restorer in 1039, the capital was moved to Kraków, which had been relatively undamaged by the troubles.
# REDIRECT Casimir I the Restorer
* Casimir I of Poland, Polish name Kazimierz Odnowiciel ( the Restorer ) ( 1015 – 1058 )
Since the reign of Casimir the Restorer ( 1034 – 1058 ) Wawel became the leading political and administrative centre for the Polish State.
At some time between 1038 – 1039 Casimir I the Restorer returned to Poland and it is supposed that Kraków became the royal residence and the capital of Poland at this time.
# REDIRECT Casimir I the Restorer
Unlike his predecessors, Casimir I the Restorer promoted landed gentry over the druzhina as his base of power.
Casimir and (;
The Battle of Berestechko (; ) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Tatar allies, and a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army under King John II Casimir.
The Second Peace of Thorn of 1466 (; ) was a peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn ( Toruń ) on 19 October 1466 between the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other.
# John Casimir (; 25 December 1607 14 January 1608 )
# John Casimir (; 22 May 1609 1672 ), reigned 1648 – 1668 as John II Casimir Vasa of Poland
Casimir Pulaski, or Kazimierz Pułaski in Polish (; full name Kazimierz Michał Wacław Wiktor Pułaski ; March 6, 1745 – October 11, 1779 ) was a Polish nobleman of Ślepowron coat-of-arms, soldier and military commander who has been called " the father of American cavalry ".
John II Casimir (; ; ( 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672 ) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania during the era of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth, Duke of Opole in Upper Silesia, and titular King of Sweden 1648 – 1660.
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