Her husband Casimir is known for his romantic affairs: after Aldona's death he married three more times.

Casimir is the only Polish king who both received and kept the title of the Great in Polish history ( Bolesław I Chrobry is also called the Great, but his title Chrobry ( Valiant ) is now more common ).

Although the Casimir effect can be expressed in terms of virtual particles interacting with the objects, it is best described and more easily calculated in terms of the zero-point energy of a quantized field in the intervening space between the objects.

Dutch physicists Hendrik B. G. Casimir and Dirk Polder at Philips Research Labs proposed the existence of a force between two polarizable atoms and between such an atom and a conducting plate in 1947, and, after a conversation with Niels Bohr who suggested it had something to do with zero-point energy, Casimir alone formulated the theory predicting a force between neutral conducting plates in 1948 ; the former is called the Casimir-Polder force while the latter is the Casimir effect in the narrow sense.

In modern theoretical physics, the Casimir effect plays an important role in the chiral bag model of the nucleon ; and in applied physics, it is significant in some aspects of emerging microtechnologies and nanotechnologies.

A new theory has been proposed that Modifies inertia by assuming it is due to Unruh radiation subject to a Hubble scale Casimir effect ( MiHsC, or quantised inertia ).

* Earliest day on which Casimir Pulaski Day can fall, while March 7 is the latest ; celebrated on the first Monday in March.

The name Dagomir is used to this day and its construction is similar to other Polish names like for example: Władimir / Włodzimierz or Casimir / Kazimierz.

Evidence for such zero-point energy is observed in the Casimir effect.

He is shown chiseling at the tomb of King Casimir IV.

( Many physicists such as Stephen Hawking, Kip Thorne, and others believe that the Casimir effect is evidence that negative energy densities are possible in nature.

* The Casimir effect is discovered by Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir.

* August 6 – Ernest Casimir of Nassau-Dietz is appointed as stadtholder of Groningen.

* August 16 – Ernest Casimir of Nassau-Dietz is appointed stadtholder of Drenthe.

It is true that certain experimentally verified quantum phenomena, such as the Casimir effect, when described in the context of the quantum field theories, lead to stress – energy tensors that also violate the energy conditions, such as negative mass-energy, and thus one can hope that Alcubierre-type warp drives can be physically realized by clever engineering taking advantage of such quantum effects.

* Casimir III of Poland is succeeded jointly by his sister, Elisabeth of Kujavia, and her son, Louis I of Hungary, beginning the rule of Poland by the Capet-Anjou family.

According to the Annales Cracovienses Compilati, this event took place in 1136 ; since it can be assumed that the Polish princess was younger than her betrothed, and also are known the birth dates of the youngest children of Bolesław III ( Agnes in 1137 and Casimir in 1138 ), Judith in consequence could have been born between 1130 and 1135.

It became visible during the reign of Casimir III the Great, who favored less known Lesser Poland's noble families, at the expense of Greater Poland's nobility.

* Fort Casimir ( 1654 )-also known as Fort Trinity ( in Swedish, Trefaldigheten ), located at the end of Chestnut Street near Harmony & 2nd streets in New Castle, Delaware.

From the age of nine, St. Casimir was educated by Jan Długosz and Filippo Buonaccorsi ( also known as Filip Callimachus ).

Prince Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart ( 31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788 ) commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or The Young Pretender was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

The closest known real representative of such exotic matter is the region of pseudo-negative pressure density produced by the Casimir effect.

In the early 13th century Duke Casimir I of Opole decided to move the settlement from the Pasieka island into the right shore of the Odra river ( since the 17th century it is the old stream bed of Odra known as Młynówka ).

During the negotiations of the Treaty of Oliva King John II Casimir lived in one of them, while Swedish negotiator Magnus de la Gardie resided in another — it has been known as the Swedish Manor ever since.

The closest known real representative of such exotic matter is a region of pseudo-negative pressure density produced by the Casimir effect.

One of the best known examples of an observable physical effect that results from the vacuum expectation value of an operator is the Casimir effect.

As the Heisenberg uncertainty principle implies that there is no such thing as an exact amount of energy in an exact location, vacuum fluctuations are known to lead to discernible effects such as the Casimir effect.

This is now known as the Casimir effect and has since been extensively experimentally verified.

The date of the first foundation charter of the town is not known though we may presume that the oldest preserved royal document of Casimir the Great, dating from 1367, regarding the sale of the Krosno aldermanship, was modelled on an earlier foundation act.

# Marie Karolina, known as Charlotte ( 25 November 1697 – 8 May 1740 ) married twice ; firstly to Frédéric Casimir de La Tour d ' Auvergne, no issue ; married again Charles Godefroy de La Tour d ' Auvergne and had issue ;

Despite the sniping, he is well known for many invaluable contributions, in particular to quantum electrodynamics, where he calculated the Casimir force in an arbitrary macroscopic configuration of metals and dielectrics.

He was the only known son of prince Vsevolod Svyatoslavich ( who later became grand prince Vsevolod IV the Red of Kiev ), by Anastasia, the daughter of grand duke Casimir II of Poland.

The star attractions are the boat lake ( in which people are allowed to fish ( with a license, although this is rarely enforced ), the marble fountain, the General Casimir Pulaski Monument, and the Pagoda, also known as the Patterson Park observatory, which has a great view of the city and is considered to be a very nice building aesthetically.

King Casimir III ( 1310 – 1370 ) is known to have held court under Bartek.

Casimir III of Poland | Casimir III the Great treated the Jews of Poland well, and was known as the King of the Serfs and Jews.

Towards the end of the 17th century, the Church of St. Anne was built as was the Church of St. Casimir the Prince, known for its catacombs.

From 1919 until September 1939, in the Polish Second Republic era, the university was known as John Casimir University () in honor of its founder.

In 1485, Moldavian prince Stephen the Great, after losing in the previous year his country's exit to the Black Sea to the Ottomans, was in serious need of alliances, and swore allegiance to Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland for Pokuttia, in what is known as the Colomeea oath.

Poznań and Gniezno were early centres of royal power, but following devastation of the region by pagan rebellion in the 1030s, and the invasion of Bretislaus I of Bohemia in 1038, the capital was moved by Casimir the Restorer from Gniezno to Kraków.

During the reign of Casimir I the Restorer, Kraków for the first time became the capital of Poland ( around 1040 ), since Greater Poland and Silesia, with main Polish urban centers, such as Gniezno and Poznań were ravaged by Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia.

# Casimir I the Restorer ( b. 25 July 1016 – d. 19 March 1058 ).

Poland was reunited under Casimir I the Restorer in 1039, but the capital was moved to Kraków, which had been relatively unaffected by the troubles.

** Maria Dobroniega of Kiev (~ 1012 ), the Duchess of Poland ( 1040 – 1087 ), married around 1040 to Casimir I the Restorer, Duke of Poland

Poznań and Gniezno were early centers of royal power, but following the region's devastation by pagan rebellion in the 1030s, and an invasion by Bretislaus I of Bohemia in 1038, the capital was moved by Casimir the Restorer from Gniezno to Kraków.

* Restoration of Poland carried out by Casimir I the Restorer

He was the second son of Casimir I the Restorer by his wife Maria Dobroniega, daughter of Vladimir the Great, Grand Duke of Kiev.

Casimir I the Restorer (; b. Kraków, 25 July 1016 – d. Poznań, 28 November 1058 ), was a Duke of Poland of the Piast dynasty and the de facto monarch of the entire country from 1034 until his death.

Casimir the Restorer, by Jan Matejko | Matejko

Casimir the Restorer returning to Poland, by Wojciech Gerson.

simple: Casimir I the Restorer

The importance of mining deposits arose after the capital of Poland was moved from Gniezno to Kraków by Casimir I the Restorer.

However, after the defeat of Miecław in 1047 Pomerelians accepted the rule of duke Casimir I the Restorer and the province remained as part of Poland till the 1060s when it broke it ties with the realm.

# REDIRECT Casimir I the Restorer

** Duke Casimir I the Restorer

When Poland's unity was restored by Casimir the Restorer in 1039, the capital was moved to Kraków, which had been relatively undamaged by the troubles.

# REDIRECT Casimir I the Restorer

* Casimir I of Poland, Polish name Kazimierz Odnowiciel ( the Restorer ) ( 1015 – 1058 )

Since the reign of Casimir the Restorer ( 1034 – 1058 ) Wawel became the leading political and administrative centre for the Polish State.

At some time between 1038 – 1039 Casimir I the Restorer returned to Poland and it is supposed that Kraków became the royal residence and the capital of Poland at this time.

# REDIRECT Casimir I the Restorer

Unlike his predecessors, Casimir I the Restorer promoted landed gentry over the druzhina as his base of power.