Athena had an " androgynous compromise " that allowed her traits and what she stood for to be attributed to male and female rulers alike over the course of history ( such as Marie de ' Medici, Anne of Austria, Christina of Sweden, and Catherine the Great ).

This resulted in two of his most original operas being consigned to his desk drawer, namely Cublai, gran kan de ' Tartari ( Kublai Grand Kahn of Tartary ) a satire on the autocracy and court intrigues at the court of the Russian Czarina, Catherine the Great, and Catilina ( Cataline ) a semi-comic-semi-tragic account of the Catiline conspiracy that attempted to overthrow the Roman republic during the consulship of Cicero.

Empress of Russia Catherine The Great

* 1728 – Tsar Peter III of Russia, husband of Catherine the Great ( d. 1762 )

* The Great Catherine ( 1913 )

The monument to Catherine the Great | Catherine II in Saint Petersburg

Catherine II, the Great, was a German princess who married the German heir to the Russian crown.

Catherine the Great extended Russian political control over the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth with actions including the support of the Targowica Confederation, although the cost of her campaigns, on top of the oppressive social system that required lords ' serfs to spend almost all of their time laboring on the lords ' land, provoked a major peasant uprising in 1773, after Catherine legalized the selling of serfs separate from land.

In 1775, Atake Tynay Biy Uulu one of the leaders of Sarybagysh tribe established first diplomatic ties with the Russian Empire by sending his envoys to Catherine the Great in Saint Petersburg.

There are also comparisons between Khan with Catherine the Great or Napoleon with their building and destroying nations.

The situation in Russia had improved greatly since the accession to the throne of Catherine the Great, and in 1766 Euler accepted an invitation to return to the St. Petersburg Academy and spent the rest of his life in Russia.

* 1729 – Catherine the Great, Russian empress ( d. 1796 )

It is notable for its beautiful and unique sculptures, especially the " Twelve Virgins " at the Northern Gate, the depictions of Otto I the Great and his wife Editha as well as the statues of St Maurice and St Catherine.

Upon the death of Peter the Great in 1725, Catherine, Peter's wife succeeded to the throne of the Russian Empire as Czarina Catherine I.

Catherine II ( the Great ), who ruled in 1762 – 96, presided over the Age of Russian Enlightenment.

* Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia

) – Catherine II of Russia ( called Catherine The Great ) dies and is succeeded by her son Paul I of Russia.

* November 6 – Catherine the Great of Russia ( b. 1729 )

* February 21 – Emperor Peter III of Russia, husband of Catherine the Great ( d. 1762 )

* Catherine the Great gives the nobles absolute control over their serfs.

Andronikos II also attempted to marry off his son and co-emperor Michael IX Palaiologos to the Latin Empress Catherine I of Courtenay, thus seeking to eliminate Western agitation for a restoration of the Latin Empire.

The royal election of 1764 resulted in the elevation of Stanisław August Poniatowski, a refined and worldly aristocrat connected to a major magnate faction, but hand-picked and imposed by Empress Catherine II of Russia, who expected Poniatowski to be her obedient follower.

* 1794 – Empress Catherine II of Russia grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.

* 1756 – In Saint Petersburg, Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly-built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.

In 1773, Empress Catherine of Russia ordered the Green Frog Service from Wedgwood ; it can still be seen in the Hermitage Museum.

* 1725 – The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky is instituted in Russia by Empress Catherine I.

The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken under the impetus of the shock Britain had just received from the Empress Catherine of Russia.

In the summer of 1786, the Empress Catherine, in the context of tense negotiations on a renewed treaty of commerce, had emphasised her control over this vital commodity by asking the merchants who supplied it to restrict sales to English buyers: “ the Empress has contrary to Custom speculated on this Commodity ”, complained the author of a subsequent memorandum to the Home Secretary.

* 1796 – Catherine II of Russia, Empress of Russia ( b. 1729 )

Power then passed into the hands of his second wife, the Empress Catherine.

His legitimization of his children by Catherine, and rumors that he was about to crown his new wife Empress, ending the morganatic status of his second marriage, caused great tension with the entire extended Romanov family.

In particular, the Grand Duchesses were scandalized at the thought of being made permanently subordinate to Catherine Dolgoruki, since as an Empress she would have precedence over all of them.

July 30: In Russia, Empress Elizabeth at the porch of the newly built Catherine Palace, painting ( 1905 ) by Eugene Lanceray ( in Tretyakov Gallery ).

* July 30 – Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.

* August 9 – Russian Empress Catherine II issues a decree authorizing the new way to produce vodka ( by freezing ).

* May 17 – Empress Catherine I of Russia ( b. 1684 )

* February 8 – Catherine I becomes Empress of Russia on the death of her husband, Peter the Great.

* May 21 – The Order of Alexander Nevsky is instituted in Russia by Empress Catherine I.

In 1787, Cimarosa went to St. Petersburg by invitation of Empress Catherine II.

Some examples of these de facto rulers are Empress Dowager Cixi of China ( for son Tongzhi and nephew Guangxu Emperors ), Prince Alexander Menshikov ( for his former lover Empress Catherine I of Russia ), Grigori Rasputin through Tsarina Alexandra ( for Tsar Nicholas II of Russia ), Cardinal Richelieu of France ( for Louis XIII ), and Queen Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily ( for her husband King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies ).

* 1827 – Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia ( d. 1894 )

When Catherine II of Russia heard of his financial troubles she commissioned an agent in Paris to buy the library.

His heirs sent his vast library to Catherine II, who had it deposited at the National Library of Russia.

* Princess Catherine Yurievskaya, the youngest daughter of Alexander II of Russia, lived on Hayling Island for many years and was buried at St Peter's church in 1959.

* 1762 – Catherine II becomes tsar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia.

* 1747 – Christian Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst, father of Catherine II of Russia ( b. 1690 )

Together with Austria, Russia, under Catherine I, engaged in a war against the Ottoman Empire from 1735 until 1739.

Princes Dmitri and Prince Nicholas Romanov were present at the ceremony, along with Princess Catherine Ioannovna of Russia, daughter of Prince Ioann Konstantinovich of Russia.

Princess Catherine who was 90 years old at the time, and died in Montevideo Uruguay the following year, was the last member of the Imperial Family to be born before the fall of the dynasty, and was ultimately to become the last surviving uncontested dynast of the Imperial House of Russia.

* 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow

During World War II, a large part of the city as well as the historical Kivisild ( Stone Bridge ) ( built by Catherine II of Russia in 1776 – 1778 ) over the Emajõgi River were destroyed by the German Army, partly in 1941 and almost completely in 1944.