Two of the principal addresses were delivered by prominent Protestants, and when the speaker was a Catholic, one `` discussant '' on the dais tended to be of another religious persuasion.

Yet for better or for worse, the truth of the matter is that most American Catholic colleges do not owe their existence to general Catholic support but rather to the initiative, resourcefulness and sacrifices of individual religious communities.

To understand the past history -- and the future potential -- of American Catholic higher education, it is necessary to appreciate the special character of the esprit de corps of the religious community.

American Catholic colleges and universities are, in a very real sense, the product of `` private enterprise '' -- the `` private enterprise '' of religious communities.

In itself there is nothing wrong with this form of `` participation '': the only difficulty on the Catholic campus is that those faculty members who are in a position to implement policy, i.e., members of the religious community which owns and administers the institution, have their own eating arrangements.

But it must be readily seen that the religious picture in England has so greatly changed during these hundred years as to engender hope, at least on the Catholic side.

In the Roman Catholic Church, abbots continue to be elected by the monks of an abbey to lead them as their religious superior in those orders and monasteries that make use of the term ( some orders of monks, as the Carthusians for instance, have no abbots, only priors ).

Category: Organisation of Catholic religious orders

It was crushed through a series of military and political conquests, culminating in religious and political domination of Europe over the next 1, 000 years by Trinitarian forces in the Catholic Church.

As they do not receive Holy Orders in the Catholic, Orthodox and Oriental Churches, they do not possess the ability to ordain any religious to Holy Orders, or even admit their members to the non-ordained ministries to which they can be installed by the ordained clergy ( females do not serve as clergy anyway, per formal church teaching, in these churches ), nor do they exercise the authority they do possess under canon law over any territories outside of their monastery and its territory ( though non-cloistered, non-contemplative female religious members who are based in a convent or monastery but who participate in external affairs may assist as needed by the diocesan bishop and local secular clergy and laity, in certain pastoral ministries and administrative and non-administrative functions not requiring ordained ministry or status as a male cleric in those churches or programs ).

There are also two religious university campuses in Canberra: Signadou is a campus of the Australian Catholic University and St Mark's Theological College is a campus of Charles Sturt University.

When in December 1978 there was media speculation that Prince Charles might marry a Roman Catholic, Powell defended the provision that excludes Roman Catholics from ascending the throne, claiming his objection was not rooted in religious bigotry but in political considerations.

Adrian Hilton, writing in The Spectator in 2003, defended the Act of Settlement as not " irrational prejudice or blind bigotry " but claimed that it was passed because " the nation had learnt that when a Roman Catholic monarch is upon the throne, religious and civil liberty is lost.

) Hilton also claims a Roman Catholic monarch would therefore be unable to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and points to the examples of European states that have similar religious provisions for their monarchs: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, whose constitutions compel their monarchs to be Lutherans, the Netherlands, the constitution of which insists its monarchs be members of the Protestant House of Orange, and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses.

Surviving medieval art is primarily religious in focus and funded largely by the State, Roman Catholic or Orthodox church, powerful ecclesiastical individuals, or wealthy secular patrons.

In some Roman Catholic countries such as Italy there have been religious influences, especially from missionaries who have spent a long time in the Third World ( the most famous being Alex Zanotelli ).

Category: History of Catholic religious orders

The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement.

There is no evidence that he intended to found a Roman Catholic religious order.

The Order of Saint Benedict ( Latin name: Ordo Sancti Benedicti ) is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of Saint Benedict.

In the Roman Catholic Church according to the norms of the Code of Canon Law 1983 a Benedictine abbey is a " religious institute ", and its professed members are therefore members of the " Consecrated Life ", commonly referred to as " Religious ".

Celibacy not only for religious and monastics ( brothers / monks and sisters / nuns ) but also for bishops is upheld by the Catholic Church traditions.

And in this country Gustave Weigel's delineation of the line between the sacral and secular orders during the last presidential campaign served to provide a most impressive Roman Catholic defense of the practical autonomy of both church and state.

The Roman Catholic Church does not recognise most Anglican orders ( see Apostolicae Curae ).

The Eastern Orthodox generally recognize Roman Catholic orders, but have a different concept of the apostolic succession as it exists outside of Eastern Orthodoxy.

Since Pope Leo XIII issued the bull Apostolicae Curae in 1896, the Catholic Church has insisted that Anglican orders are invalid because of changes in the Anglican ordination rites of the 16th century and divergence in understanding of the theology of priesthood, episcopacy and Eucharist.

The Holy See accepts as valid the ordinations of the Old Catholics in communion with Utrecht, as well as the Polish National Catholic Church ( which received its orders directly from Utrecht, and was — until recently — part of that communion ); but Roman Catholicism does not recognise the orders of any group whose teaching is at variance with what they consider the core tenets of Christianity ; this is the case even though the clergy of the Independent Catholic groups may use the proper ordination ritual.

Whilst members of the Independent Catholic movement take seriously the issue of valid orders, it is highly significant that the relevant Vatican Congregations tend not to respond to petitions from Independent Catholic bishops and clergy who seek to be received into communion with the Holy See, hoping to continue in some sacramental role.

There is a mutual recognition of the validity of orders amongst Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Old Catholic, Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Nestorian churches.

Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops.

Category: Roman Catholic orders and societies

Category: Roman Catholic orders and societies

A few others derive their orders from Roman Catholic bishops who have consecrated their own bishops after disputes with the Holy See.

The Roman Catholic Church, the Church of England, and other Churches maintain the tradition of ecclesiastical heraldry for their high-rank prelates, religious orders, universities, and schools.

In England Mary became a focal point for Catholic conspirators and was eventually tried for treason and executed on the orders of her kinswoman Elizabeth I.

In the Roman Catholic ( Latin: sacri ordines ), Eastern Catholic, Eastern Orthodox ( ιερωσύνη, ιεράτευμα, Священство ), Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, Assyrian, Old Catholic, Independent Catholic churches and some Lutheran churches Holy Orders comprise the three orders of bishop, priest and deacon, or the sacrament or rite by which candidates are ordained to those orders.

" The Society participated in the Counter-Reformation and later in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council in the Catholic Church.

A Protestant, William participated in several wars against the powerful Catholic king of France, Louis XIV, in coalition with Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe.

Through the influence of Leo Cardinal Suenens, Baudouin participated in the growing Catholic Charismatic Renewal and regularly went on pilgrimages to the French shrine of Paray-le-Monial.

McCorvey is still active in pro-life demonstrations including one she participated in before President Barack Obama's commencement address to the graduates of the Catholic University of Notre Dame.

Soon thereafter, the Catholic cantons refused to help the Three Leagues ( Drei Bünde ) in Graubünden in the Musso war against the Duchy of Milan, Zürich promptly considered this a breach of contracts between the confederacy and the Three Leagues and declared an embargo against the five alpine Catholic cantons, in which Bern also participated.

Every program involving either Catholic or Protestant churches in which we participated was carefully scrutinized .... Every topic which had possible theological nuances or implications was vetoed, and only when the Rav pronounced it to be satisfactory did we proceed to the dialogue.

Ulrich Ochsenbein participated in the Freischarenzüge against Catholic Lucerne in 1844 and 1845.

This Catholic, yet not particularly devout, family had a democratic and anti-Prussian tradition dating back to Rocker's grandfather, who participated in the March Revolution of 1848.

Johann Tserclaes was born into a Roman Catholic Brabantine family and after receiving a Jesuit education in Cologne, he joined the Spanish army at age fifteen and fought under Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza in his campaign against the Dutch forces rebelling in the Eighty Years ' War and participated in the successful Siege of Antwerp ( 1584 – 1585 ) in 1585.

In 2009, two Muslim reporters from Al-Islam, a small Malaysian magazine, participated in a Catholic Mass, while undercover writing an article on cases of apostacy from Islam ( murtad ) and received Holy Communion, which they afterwards spat out and photographed to prove they had not apostacized themselves.

Two years after the CMS established a mission, French Catholic White Fathers also arrived at the king's court, and the stage was set for a fierce religious and nationalist rivalry in which Zanzibar-based Muslim traders also participated.

Weinandy participated in a telephone press conference with scholars from Catholic, Protestant and Jewish backgrounds the day before the release of Pope Benedict XVI ’ s book Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week.

Vytautas participated in the signing of Union of Kreva with Poland in 1385 and he was re-baptised in 1386 in the Catholic rite, receiving the name Alexander.

Bernardino de Sahagún ( 1499 – October 23, 1590 ) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain ( now Mexico ).

It is well known that many Catholic clergy members participated directly or indirectly in Ustaša campaigns of violence, as is attested in the work of Corrado Zoli ( Italian ) and Evelyn Waugh ( English ).

Initially, the Irish Catholic gentry raised militia forces to try and contain the violence but afterward, when it was clear that the government in Dublin intended to punish all Catholics for the rebellion participated in the attacks on Protestants and fought English troops sent to put down the rebellion.

He participated in the attempt to reconcile Protestant and Roman Catholic parties in 1534.

When the Civil War started ( July 1936 ), Rojo-a devout Catholic, and linked to the conservative Unión Militar Española-stayed loyal to the Republican Government and was one of the military professionals who participated in the reorganization of the Spanish Republican Army.

Named in honor of Félix Varela, a Catholic priest who had participated in Cuba's independence struggle with Spain, the Project took advantage of a clause in the Cuban Constitution requiring a national referendum to be held if 11, 000 signatures are gathered.

An altar boy as a youth, in his adult years he regularly attended retreats and participated in meetings of Catholic laymen.

He participated in the defamation of Catholic priests from Kraków, three of whom were condemned to death by the Communist government in February 1953 after being groundlessly accused of treason ( see: Stalinist show trial of the Kraków Curia for more details ).

Many Irish Catholic lords who had lost lands or feared dispossession joined the rebellion and participated in the attacks on the settlers.