Following the British capture of Savannah and Augusta, Georgia in 1778 – 1779, English goods made their way to the Cherokee on the Savannah River, prompting some tribesmen to rejoin the English cause.

Those few who stayed behind eventually formed tribal groups including the Eastern Band Cherokee, based in North Carolina, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and the Creeks in Atmore, Alabama.

Franklin Gritts was a Cherokee artist who taught students from many tribes at Haskell Institute ( now Haskell Indian Nations University ) in the 1940s, the Golden Age of Native American painters.

Today, they include descendants of African Americans once enslaved by the Cherokees, who were granted, by federal treaty, citizenship in the historic Cherokee Nation as freedmen after the Civil War.

One exception can be modern Cherokee who are predominantly monotheistic but apparently not panentheistic ( as the two are not mutually exclusive ); yet in older Cherokee traditions many observe both aspects of pantheism and panentheism, and are often not beholden to exclusivity, encompassing other spiritual traditions without contradiction, a common trait among some tribes in the Americas.

Her maternal grandparents were of mixed European and Eastern Cherokee ancestry ; of particular importance to her as a child was her grandfather, Calvin Clinton Copeland, who was a great source of inspiration and guidance to her as a young child, offering a more pantheistic spiritual alternative to her father and paternal grandmother's traditional Christianity.

Many faulty etymologies have been devised for the word, including one by a British officer in 1789 who said it derived from the Cherokee word eankke, meaning " coward " – but no such word exists in Cherokee.

The UKB are mostly descendants of " Old Settlers ", Cherokee who migrated to Arkansas and Oklahoma about 1817.

The Cherokee Nation are related to the people who were forcibly relocated there in the 1830s under the Indian Removal Act.

" The Iroquois, who were based in New York, called the Cherokee Oyata ’ ge ' ronoñ ( inhabitants of the cave country ).

Another theory is that " Cherokee " derives from a Lower Creek word, Ciló-kki, meaning someone who speaks another language.

One is that the Cherokee, an Iroquoian-speaking people, are relative latecomers to Southern Appalachia, who may have migrated in late prehistoric times from northern areas, the traditional territory of the later Haudenosaunee five nations and other Iroquoian-speaking peoples.

Researchers in the 19th century recorded conversations with elders who recounted an oral tradition of the Cherokee people's migrating south from the Great Lakes region in ancient times.

Ethnographer James Mooney, who studied the Cherokee in the late 1880s, was the first to trace the decline of the former hierarchy to this revolt.

According to the scholars ' theory, the Tuscarora, another Iroquoian-speaking people who inhabited the Southeast in historic times, and the Cherokee broke off from the major group during its northern migration.

The Cherokees gave sanctuary to a band of Shawnee in the 1660s, but from 1710 to 1715 the Cherokee and Chickasaw, allied with the British, fought Shawnee, who were allied with the French, and forced them to move northward.

In 1738 and 1739 smallpox epidemics broke out among the Cherokee, who had no natural immunity.

During this period, divisions arose between the acculturated elite and the great majority of Cherokee, who clung to traditional ways of life.

Initially his innovation was opposed by both Cherokee traditionalists and white missionaries who sought to encourage the use of English.

Ross had the support of Cherokee traditionalists, who could not imagine removal from their ancestral lands.

In keeping with the tribe's " blood law " that prescribed the death penalty for Cherokee who sold lands, Ross's son arranged the murder of the leaders of the " Treaty Party ".

Over 400 Cherokee either hid from Federal troops in the remote Snowbird Mountains, under the leadership of Tsali (), or belonged to the former Valley Towns area around the Cheoah River who negotiated with the state government to stay in North Carolina.

In Indian Territory, the national council of those who supported the Union voted to abolish slavery in the Cherokee Nation in 1863, but they were not the majority slaveholders and the vote had little effect on those supporting the Confederacy.

The US required the 1866 Treaty to provide for the emancipation of all Cherokee slaves, and full citizenship to all Cherokee freedmen and all free African Americans who chose to continue to reside within tribal lands, so that they " shall have all the rights of native Cherokees.

The term " medicine people " is commonly used in Native American communities, for example, when Arwen Nuttall ( Cherokee ) of the National Museum of the American Indian writes, " The knowledge possessed by medicine people is privileged, and it often remains in particular families.

This was at the point when the remaining Cherokee were rounded into camps and pressed into oversized detachments, often over 700 in size ( larger than Little Rock or Memphis at that time ).

The Cherokee Outlet, more often referred to as the Cherokee Strip, was located in what is now the state of Oklahoma, in the United States.

The first Englishmen to venture into the area were traders who often travelled up from Charles Town and Savannah to exchange their guns, horses, cloth, and liquor with the Cherokee for animal skin and fur.

In popular histories, it is often said that Chickamauga is a Cherokee word meaning " river of death ".

The language thus lacks p and b. In the case of p, qw is often substituted ( as in the name of Cherokee Wikipedia, Wiɣiqwejdiʃ ).

Sequoyah ( ᏍᏏᏉᏯ Ssiquoya, as he signed his name, or ᏎᏉᏯ Se-quo-ya, as his name is often spelled today in Cherokee ) ( c. 1770 – 1843 ), named in English George Gist or George Guess, was a Cherokee silversmith.

The Cherokee Outlet, often mistakenly referred to as the Cherokee Strip, was located in what is now the state of Oklahoma, in the United States.

This section of land is still known as the Cherokee Strip, and the term has often been applied to the whole of the Cherokee Outlet.

The Chickamauga Cherokee engaged in ongoing raids against American settlers, often with British and Spanish military aid.

Prisoners of war, orphans of other tribes, and others with no Cherokee tribe were often adopted into this clan, thus a common interpretation of the name ' Strangers.

He was survived by his wife, the former Lucy Beman ; two sisters, Mary Lou Catts of Chattanooga, Tennessee and Phyllis Painter of Cherokee Village, Arkansas ; and many nephews and nieces.

The hymn was translated into other languages as well: while on the Trail of Tears, the Cherokee sang Christian hymns as a way of coping with the ongoing tragedy, and a version of the song by Samuel Worcester that had been translated into the Cherokee language became very popular.

This idea was proposed as early as 1803, by Jefferson, but was not used in actual treaties until 1817, when the Cherokee agreed to cede two large tracts of land in the east for one of equal size in present-day Arkansas.

It was negotiated and signed by a small faction of Cherokee tribal members, not the tribal leadership, on December 29, 1835.

Lillian Gross, described as a " Mixed Blood " by the Smithsonian source, was of Cherokee and European-American heritage.

A reinforcement militia, however, was defeated by Mexican soldiers and Texas Cherokee Indians on September 18 during the Dawson Massacre.

Further south the interior was dominated by Catawba, Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee tribes.

The British were supported in the war by the Iroquois, and also by the Cherokee — until differences sparked the Anglo-Cherokee War in 1758.

The Creek and Cherokee were targets of diplomatic efforts by both the French and British for either support or neutrality in the conflict.

Jeep Cherokee: SUV trend-setter as designed by AMC

Other Native American code talkers were deployed by the United States Army during World War II, including Cherokee, Choctaw, Lakota Meskwaki, and Comanche soldiers.

The first known use of Native Americans in the American military to transmit messages under fire was a group of Cherokee troops utilized by the American 30th Infantry Division serving alongside the British during the Second Battle of the Somme.

In addition, there are Cherokee bands in the Southeast that are recognized as tribes by state governments, such as the Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama, but not the U. S. federal government.

The other theory, which is disputed by academic specialists, is that the Cherokee had been in the Southeast for thousands of years.

The Cherokee arrived later, descended from a different people, but they occupied some of the ancient Mississippian sites and were observed by the Spanish.

The Payne papers describe the account by Cherokee elders of a traditional two-part societal structure.

The Cherokee considered warfare a polluting activity, and warriors required the purification by the priestly class before participants could reintegrate into normal village life.

Some historians believe the decline in priestly power originated with a revolt by the Cherokee against the abuses of the priestly class known as the Ani-kutani.