Of all the various disagreements within the Christian Church, the Arian controversy has held the greatest force and power of theological and political conflict, with the possible exception of the Protestant Reformation.

Some believe that this appeal “ thereby shows Christian ’ s of Luke ’ s day both that their predecessors were innocent before the state and that Paul had no political quarrel with Rome ” but rather with the Jews who were accusing him.

Arcadius himself was more concerned with appearing to be a pious Christian than he was with political or military matters, and he died, only nominally in control of his Empire, in 408.

Ten years later ( 24 September 1856 ) the Swiss Federal Council voted them equal political rights with other Swiss citizens in that canton, as well as entire freedom of commerce ; but the opposition of the Christian population prevented the decision from being generally carried out.

The group killed members of the Muslim Abbasid, Seljuq, and Christian Crusader élite for political and religious reasons.

Christian Democrat Patricio Aylwin, the candidate of a coalition of 17 political parties called the Concertación, received an absolute majority of votes ( 55 %).

The political parties with the largest representation in the current Chilean Congress are the centrist Christian Democrat Party and the conservative Independent Democratic Union ( Unión Demócrata Independiente ).

Hegel, in his Elements of the Philosophy of Right ( 1820 ), gave it a philosophical justification that concurred with evolving contemporary political theory and the Protestant Christian view of natural law.

The Christian Social Union of Bavaria () is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany.

The more politically active sections within this eschatological view often strongly support the Christian Zionism movement and the associated political, military and economic support for Israel which comes from certain groups within American politics and parts of the Christian right.

In this period, members of the Christian clergy wield political authority.

In many Christian countries, it led to civil and political discrimination against Jews, legal disabilities, and in some instances to physical attacks on Jews which occasionally ended in emigration, expulsion, and even death.

* Christian Democratic Centre, a late Italian political party, known as Centro Cristiano Democratico in Italian.

Despite the political upheaval, the Egyptian population remained mainly Christian.

In Lebanon, the right-wing Guardians of the Cedars, a fiercely nationalistic ( mainly Christian ) political party which opposes the country's ties to the Arab world, is agitating for " Lebanese " to be recognized as a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect, and has even advocated replacing the Arabic alphabet with a revival of the ancient Phoenician alphabet, which lacks a number of characters to write typical Arabic phonemes present in Lebanese, and lost by Phoenician ( and Hebrew ) in the second millennium BC.

Distributism does not attach itself to one national political party or another in any part of the world, but it has influenced Christian Democratic parties in Continental Europe and the Democratic Labor Party in Australia.

Also forbidden are political parties supporting militia formations or having an agenda that is contradictory to the constitution and its principles, or threatening the country's stability such as national unity between Muslim Egyptians and Christian Egyptians.

Although he doled out offices, money, and titles mainly to Christian highlanders in the hope of co-opting would-be Eritrean opponents in early 1967, the imperial secret police of Ethiopia also set up a wide network of informants in Eritrea and conducted disappearances, intimidations and assassinations among the same populace driving several prominent political figures into exile.

The Group of the European People's Party ( Christian Democrats ), abbreviated to EPP Group, is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament.

As the Community expanded into the Union, the centre-right in the new member states were not necessarily Christian Democrat and the EPP ( European People's Party, the transnational political party founded in 1976 which all group members are now affiliated to ) feared being sidelined.

Some specifically focused egalitarian concerns include economic egalitarianism, legal egalitarianism, luck egalitarianism, political egalitarianism, gender egalitarianism, racial equality, asset-based egalitarianism, and Christian egalitarianism.

The New York Times also reported a series of jokes, including how in the coffee houses of Vienna, one could order a " Dollfuss " cup of coffee instead of a " Short Black " cup of coffee ( black being the color of the Christian Democratic political faction ).

At one time or another they have characterized him as a political propagandist, a good courtier, the shrewd and worldly adviser of the Emperor Constantine, the great publicist of the first Christian emperor, the first in a long succession of ecclesiastical politicians, the herald of Byzantinism, a political theologian, a political metaphysician, and a caesaropapist.

The relation between electric current, magnetic fields and physical forces was first noted by Hans Christian Ørsted who, in 1820, observed a compass needle was deflected from pointing North when a current flowed in an adjacent wire.

On the morning of 12 September the Christian forces drew up in line of battle on the south-eastern slopes of the Wienerwald, looking down on the massed enemy camp.

After a particularly sound defeat by Prussian forces in 1223, Polish forces in Chełmno, the seat of Christian of Oliva and Duchy of Masovia would go on the defensive.

Moreover, in Yugoslavia there existed the Jasenovac concentration camp ( August 1941 – April 1945 ), which was the only central extermination camp outside of Poland, and the only one not operated by Nazis, but by the fascist Ustaše forces of the Independent State of Croatia, the majority of whose victims were Orthodox Christian Serbs, Roma, and Jews.

After the briefly successful reconquest of Sweden by Christian II and the subsequent Stockholm bloodbath in 1520, the Swedes rose in yet another rebellion which ousted the Danish forces once again in 1521, though Stockholm did not surrender until the summer of 1523.

Constitutionally guaranteed Christian control of the government had come under increasing fire from Muslims and leftists, leading them to join forces as the National Movement in 1969, which called for the taking of a new census and the subsequent drafting of a new governmental structure that would reflect the census results.

Christian politicians feared that Muslims might use the armed forces as a vehicle for seizing power in a military coup.

Joined by Liberian Muslim Women's Organization, Christian and Muslim women joined forces to create Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace.

* 2006 – Three Christian Peacemaker Team hostages are freed by British forces in Baghdad after 118 days of captivity and the murder of their colleague, American Tom Fox.

This conjecture seems to be confirmed in the introduction of the first volume of the chronicles of Gallus Anonymus concerning the Pomeranians: Although often the leaders of the forces defeated by the Polish duke sought salvation in baptism, as soon as they regained their strength, they repudiated the Christian faith and started the war against Christians anew.

One of Pope Innocent's most critical decisions was calling upon Christian forces to begin the Fourth Crusade.

Muslim forces made periodic incursions deep into Asturias but failed to make any lasting gains against the strengthened Christian kingdom.

For the next 80 years, the Kingdom of León suffered civil wars, Moorish attack, internal intrigues and assassinations, and the partial independence of Galicia and Castile, thus delaying the reconquest, and weakening the Christian forces.

Indeed, El Cid's first battle experience was gained fighting for a Muslim state against a Christian state, at the Battle of Graus in 1063, where he and other Castilians fought on the side of al-Muqtadir, Muslim sultan of Zaragoza, against the forces of Ramiro I of Aragon.

Earlier Christians fighting the Moors, such as Pelayo, could plausibly be described as natives opposing foreign invasion and conquest ; however, by the time most parts of Muslim Iberia were ( re ) conquered by Christian forces, the Muslim population there was centuries old, and much of it undoubtedly composed of converted Iberians rather than migrants from other Muslim lands.

The Battle of Lepanto ( 1571 ) | Battle of Lepanto, 1571, naval engagement between allied Christian forces and the Ottoman Navy | Ottoman Turks.

Syria actively participated in the March – September 1989 fighting between the Christian Lebanese Forces and Muslim forces allied with Syria.

The Stockholm Bloodbath, or the Stockholm Massacre ( Swedish: Stockholms blodbad, Danish: det stockholmske blodbad ), took place as the result of a successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces under the command of King Christian II.

Tours was the site of the episcopal activity of St. Martin of Tours and has further Christian connotations in that the pivotal Battle of Tours in 732 is often considered the very first decisive victory over the invading Islamic forces, turning the tide against them.

He sent his army, along with the Syrian-backed Palestinian factions of as-Sa ' iqa and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command ( PFLP-GC ) led by Ahmad Jibril to fight alongside the radical right-wing Christian forces against the PLO and the LNM.

* 1212 — The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in Iberia sees the beginning of a rapid Christian reconquest of the southern half of the Iberian peninsula, mainly from 1230 – 1248, with the defeat of Moorish forces.

** Christian General Michel Aoun declares a ' War of Liberation ' to rid Lebanon of Syrian forces and their allies.