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Clausewitz and his proponents have been severely criticized, perhaps quite unfairly, by competing theorists -- Antoine-Henri Jomini in the 19th century, B. H. Liddell Hart in the mid-20th century, and Martin van Creveld and John Keegan more recently.
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Clausewitz and proponents
German military history had previously been influenced by Carl von Clausewitz, Alfred von Schlieffen and von Moltke the Elder, who were proponents of maneuver, mass, and envelopment.
Clausewitz and have
Modern perception of war are based on the concepts Clausewitz put forth in On War, though these have been very diversely interpreted by various leaders ( e. g., Moltke, Vladimir Lenin, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Mao Zedong, etc.
The " dualism " of Clausewitz's view of war ( i. e., that wars can vary a great deal between the two " poles " he proposed, based on the political objectives of the opposing sides and the context ) seems simple enough, but few commentators have proven willing to accept this crucial variability — they insist that Clausewitz " really " argued for one end of the scale or the other.
The concept is extended by some authors back as far as Clausewitz ’ s classic work On War as " absoluter Krieg " ( however, the relevant passages have been interpreted in diverging ways by different authors ), and to the French " guerre à outrance " during the Franco-Prussian War.
Clausewitz recommended that armies have no more than eight to ten subunits and subordinate corps four to six subunits.
Similar sentiments have been attributed to Clausewitz and Voltaire.
The Principles of War identified by Carl von Clausewitz in his essay Principles of War, and later enlarged in his book, On War have been influential on military thinking in the North Atlantic region.
After assigning students to read Gandhi I should have them also read Carl von Clausewitz?
For example, the two books that are usually considered the most famous classics on warfare Sun Tzu's The Art of War and Clausewitz ' On War seem to have diametrically opposed views on the matter.
Clausewitz and been
Clausewitz was among those intrigued by the manner in which the leaders of the French Revolution, especially Napoleon, had changed the conduct of war through their ability to motivate the populace and to gain access to the full resources of the state ; thus unleashing war on a greater scale than had previously been seen in Europe.
It has been blamed for the level of destruction involved in the First and Second World Wars, but it seems rather that Clausewitz ( who did not actually use the term " total war ") had merely foreseen the inevitable development that started with the huge, patriotically motivated armies of the Napoleonic wars.
Conversely, Clausewitz has also been seen as " The preeminent military and political strategist of limited war in modern times.
The two most significant students of his work were Carl von Clausewitz, a Prussian with a background in philosophy, and Antoine-Henri Jomini, who had been one of Napoleon's staff officers.
Sharp has been called both the " Machiavelli of nonviolence " and the " Clausewitz of nonviolent warfare.
He has also been a leading interpreter of the writings of the German military thinker Carl von Clausewitz, including preparing the leading translation of On War with the American historian Peter Paret.
Clausewitz and severely
This is badly dated ( based on the 1873 Graham translation ), severely abridged ( leaving out, for instance, Book Six on defense — which Clausewitz considered to be the stronger form of warfare ), and badly biased ( because of its Vietnam War era and the editor's hostility to " neo-Clausewitzian " Henry Kissinger ).
Clausewitz and criticized
Keegan was also criticized by peers, including Sir Michael Howard and Christopher Bassford for his critical position on Carl von Clausewitz, a Prussian officer and author of Vom Kriege ( On War ), one of the basic texts on warfare and military strategy.
Keegan's discussion of Clausewitz was, however, heavily criticized as uninformed and inaccurate, by writers like Peter Paret, Christopher Bassford, and Richard M. Swain.
Clausewitz and perhaps
Between the World Wars the Germans again reviewed their doctrine and completely revised their approach again, perhaps getting back to some of the von Clausewitz ideas which were now enabled by motor transport.
Clausewitz and quite
Clausewitz himself never saw the 20th-century states and armies to which Creveld refers — the states with which he himself was familiar were quite different.
In reality, however, Clausewitz neither coined nor used the term " total war ," and " absolute ( or ideal ) war " is quite a different concept.
Clausewitz and by
Clausewitz had many aphorisms, of which the most famous is that " War is the continuation of Politik by other means " ( Politik being variously translated as ' policy ' or ' politics ,' terms with very different implications ), a description that has won wide acceptance.
Clausewitz's family claimed descent from the Barons of Clausewitz in Upper Silesia, which was eventually confirmed, but now is doubted by scholars.
Soldiers before this time had written treatises on various military subjects, but none had undertaken a great philosophical examination of war on the scale of those written by Clausewitz and Leo Tolstoy, both of which were inspired by the events of the Napoleonic Era.
Lynn Montross, writing on that topic in War Through the Ages ( 1960 ), said ; " This outcome ... may be explained by the fact that Jomini produced a system of war, Clausewitz a philosophy.
While previous wars were fought for social, religious, even cultural reasons, Clausewitz taught that war is merely " a continuation of politics by other means.
Vom Kriege () is a book on war and military strategy by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz ( 1780 – 1831 ), written mostly after the Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife in 1832.
This military revolution was described and codified by Clausewitz.
A widely accepted definition is that given by Clausewitz, with war being " the continuation of politics by other means ".
The breakthrough of sorts made by Clausewitz in suggesting eight principles on which such methods can be based, in Europe, for the first time presented an opportunity to largely remove the element of chance and error from command decision making process.
Only the misplacement of Russian forces by Kutuzov over both Bagration's and Barclay's protest prevented the ruin of the French army that day, both the Prussian Staff Officer Karl von Clausewitz, the historian and future author of On War, and Alexander I of Russia noting that the poor positioning of troops in particular had hobbled the defense.
Clausewitz also noted that the order of battle depends on the effective span of control by a commander.
In 1960, as Cold War tensions were near their peak following the Sputnik crisis and amidst talk of a widening " missile gap " between the U. S. and the Soviets, Kahn published On Thermonuclear War, the title of which clearly alluded to the classic 19th-century treatise on military strategy, On War, by German military strategist Carl von Clausewitz.
In this treatise of military theory, van Creveld develops what he calls the non-trinitarian theory of warfare, which he juxtaposes to the famous work by Clausewitz, On War
The book's significance is attested to by the fact that until the middle of 2008, it was included on the list of required reading for United States Army officers, and ( with Sun Tzu and Clausewitz ) the third non-American entry on the list.
Military strategy books like The Art of War by Sun Tzu, On War by von Clausewitz, and The Little Red Book by Mao Zedong became business classics.
Clausewitz and theorists
His works, however, were not translated into English for some time, hence the reputation of him held by professional military theorists in English-speaking countries has not reached the significance of Clausewitz, for example.
Clausewitz and Antoine-Henri
In contrast to Clausewitz, Antoine-Henri Jomini dealt mainly with operational strategy, planning and intelligence, the conduct of the campaign, and " generalship " rather than " statesmanship ".
Clausewitz and Jomini
Clausewitz and Jomini are required reading for today's military professional officer.
A disciple of Carl von Clausewitz, whose theory of war was more an effort to grasp its essential nature, rather than of Jomini, who expounded a system of rules, Moltke regarded strategy as a practical art of adapting means to ends, and had developed the methods of Napoleon in accordance with altered conditions of his age.
Carl von Clausewitz, in his book Vom Kriege ( On War ) published in 1832, and Antoine Henri Jomini in his book, Precis de l ' Art de Guerre, published in 1838, developed theories of warfare based on the concepts and methods used during the Napoleonic Wars.
Drawing from the influences of Baron de Jomini and Carl von Clausewitz, Corbett was instrumental in attempting to apply the existing theories of land warfare for war at sea.
For example, Corbett did not hesitate to take issue with Clausewitz, Jomini or other continental strategists on the importance of the search for the decisive battle and the principle of concentration.
Under Henderson he absorbed the principles, derived from Jomini, Clausewitz, and Edward Hamley ’ s Operations of War ( 1866 ), of concentration of physical and moral force and the destruction of the main enemy army.
To further understand concepts used by the German military in World War II, upon which maneuver warfare is largely based, Boyd studied Clausewitz, Jomini and the Napoleonic era.
Clausewitz, who disliked Jomini personally, as well as his concepts, instead emphasized the primacy of the political in warfare, and remained indifferent to theories arguing for any absolute solutions via the application of military force.
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