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Coenwulf styled himself " King of the Mercians and the Province of Kent " ( rex Merciorum atque provincie Cancie ) in a charter dated 809.
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Coenwulf and himself
* After the death of Cuthred, king Coenwulf of Mercia takes control over Kent himself.
Offa exerted himself to ensure that his son Ecgfrith of Mercia would succeed him, but after his death in July 796, Ecgfrith survived for only five more months, and the kingdom passed to a distant relative named Coenwulf in December 796.
Coenwulf and King
* Coenwulf of Mercia invades Kent, deposes and imprisons King Eadbert Praen, and makes his own brother Cuthred king.
A charter of King Edgar refers back to a grant of privileges by Coenwulf at the request of his ealdorman ( dux ) Beornnoth.
The refoundation is what lies behind an exceptionally elaborate charter for Pershore, dated 972, in which King Edgar is presented as granting new lands and privileges as well as confirming old ones, such as the one granted by Coenwulf.
Coenwulf ( also spelled Cenwulf, Kenulf, or Kenwulph ) ( died 821 ) was King of Mercia from December 796 to 821.
Coenwulf also appears to have lost control of the kingdom of East Anglia during the early part of his reign, as an independent coinage appears under King Eadwald.
By 798 Coenwulf was in a position to invade in return, killing Caradog ap Meirion, the King of Gwynedd.
Beornwulf had seized the Mercian throne from Ceolwulf ( 821-3 ), who had succeeded on the death of his brother, the long-reigning and powerful King Coenwulf ( 796-821 ).
A man named Beornwulf is mentioned as having witnessed a charter of King Coenwulf in 812 and another of King Ceolwulf in 823, but his position on each of these charters suggests he was not of an exceptionally high rank.
A charter issued by King Coenwulf of Mercia refers to a council that had taken place close to the monasterium ( meaning minster ) of Croydon.
The Mercia kings Coenwulf and Ceolwulf, and their brother Cuthred, King of Kent, claimed descent from an otherwise unknown brother of Penda and Eowa called Coenwalh.
King Coenwulf of Mercia is associated with the region before becoming king.
Culham is known to have existed by the reign of King Coenwulf of Mercia early in the 9th century, by which time the manor belonged to Abingdon Abbey.
It is likely that Coenwulf ' hallowed ' Kenelm to the throne, for a letter dated 798, allegedly from Pope Leo III to " King Kenelm ", names Kenelm and gives his age as 12.
Coenwulf, King of Mercia, gave Abbot Balthun of Kempsey Monastery thirty smallholdings in return for the military service and maintenance work of Kempsey locals, according to the Victoria County History of Worcestershire.
Land at Alne was given by Coenwulf, King of the Mercians, about 809, to his newly founded abbey of Winchcombe in Gloucestershire.
Wihthun's last datable subscriptions are to two charters of 805: a grant by Cuthred, King of Kent, to Archbishop Wulfred, and a grant by Coenwulf, King of Mercia, and Cuthred, King of Kent, to a priest called Wulfhard.
Coenwulf and Mercians
It is not clear if the Mercians were involved in a battle recorded in Anglesey in 817 or 818, but the following year Coenwulf and his army devastated Dyfed.
Coenwulf and Kent
* Cuthred, king of Kent, brother of Coenwulf
Coenwulf was unwilling to take military action in Kent without acknowledgement from Pope Leo III that Eadberht was a pretender.
Coenwulf wrote to the Pope and asked Leo to consider making London the seat of the southern archbishopric, removing the honour from Canterbury ; it is likely that Coenwulf's reasons included the loss of Mercian control over Kent.
By 801 at the latest Coenwulf had placed his brother, Cuthred, on the throne of Kent.
Cuthred ruled until the time of his death in 807, after which Coenwulf took control of Kent in name as well as fact.
Coenwulf would have wished to retain control over the archiepiscopal seat, and at the time he wrote to the pope Kent was independent of Mercia.
Offa's eventual successor, Coenwulf, reconquered Kent in 798, however, and installed his brother Cuthred as king.
After Cuthred's death in 807 Coenwulf ruled Kent directly.
Coenwulf, who took the Mercian throne shortly after Offa's death, was able to retain Mercian influence in the kingdoms of Kent, East Anglia and Essex, and made frequent incursions across Offa's Dyke into what is now Wales.
Mercian influence in the south-eastern kingdoms of Kent, East Anglia and Essex continued into the early 820s under Coenwulf of Mercia.
The C group, which included the brothers Coenwulf, Cuthred of Kent, and Ceolwulf I, was dominant in the period following the deaths of Offa of Mercia and his son Ecgfrith in 796.
Coenwulf and charter
The earliest mention of a settlement at Sutton Valence was in 814, when Coenwulf mentioned Suinothe in a charter.
Coenwulf and .
* December – Coenwulf becomes king of Mercia.
In 821, Coenwulf was succeeded by his brother Ceolwulf, who demonstrated his military prowess by his attack on and destruction of the fortress of Deganwy in Powys.
" Offa died in 796 and was succeeded by his son, Ecgfrith of Mercia, who reigned for less than five months before Coenwulf of Mercia became king.
In other charters contained in the Gloucester register, Coenwulf ( r. 796-821 ) and Burgred are recorded as having been patrons of Pershore.
He succeeded Ecgfrith, the son of Offa, Ecgfrith only reigned for five months, with Coenwulf coming to the throne in the same year that Offa died.
Eadberht Præn returned from exile in Francia to claim the Kentish throne and Coenwulf was forced to wait for papal support before he could intervene.
When Pope Leo agreed to anathematize Eadberht, Coenwulf invaded and retook the kingdom ; Eadberht was taken prisoner, and was blinded and had his hands cut off.
Several campaigns of Coenwulf's against the Welsh are recorded, but only one conflict with Northumbria, in 801, though it is likely that Coenwulf continued to support the opponents of the Northumbrian king Eardwulf.
Coenwulf came into conflict with Archbishop Wulfred of Canterbury over the issue of whether laypeople could control religious houses such as monasteries.
Coenwulf was the last king of Mercia to exercise substantial dominance over other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
" Offa died in July 796, and Ecgfrith succeeded, but reigned for less than five months before Coenwulf came to the throne.
Letters between Coenwulf and the papacy also survive.
Coenwulf succeeded Ecgfrith as king.
Coenwulf is also recorded as witnessing charters during Offa's reign.
According to the genealogy of Mercian kings preserved in the Anglian collection Coenwulf was descended from a brother of Penda's named Cenwealh of whom there is no other record.
Eardwulf of Northumbria had, like Coenwulf, gained his throne in 796: Alcuin's meaning is not clear, but it may be that he intended it as a slur on Eardwulf or Coenwulf or on both.
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