Henry Steele Commager ( October 25, 1902 – March 2, 1998 ) was an American historian who helped define Modern liberalism in the United States for two generations through his forty books and 700 essays and reviews.

August A. Meier, a young professor at a black southern college, Tougaloo College, and a former student of Commager, corresponded with Morison and Commager during this period of time in an effort to get them to change their textbook and reported that Morison " just didn't get it " and didn't understand the negative effects that the Sambo stereotype was having on young impressionable students.

At Columbia, Commager mentored a series of distinguished historians who earned their Ph. D. degrees under his tutelage, including Harold Hyman, Leonard W. Levy, and William E. Leuchtenburg.

Commager was representative of a whole generation of like-minded historians who were widely read by the general public, including Samuel Eliot Morison, Allan Nevins, Richard Hofstadter, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., and C. Vann Woodward.

Commager once said about teaching, " What every college must do is hold up before the young the spectacle of greatness.

Historian Henry Commager wrote that " Even when definitions of terrorism allow for state terrorism, state actions in this area tend to be seen through the prism of war or national self-defense, not terror .” While states may accuse other states of state-sponsored terrorism when they support insurgencies, individuals who accuse their governments of terrorism are seen as radicals, because actions by legitimate governments are not generally seen as illegitimate.

* Henry Steele Commager – Churchill's History of the English-Speaking Peoples, arranged for one volume

Although the United States lagged far behind European countries in instituting concrete social welfare policies, the earliest and most comprehensive philosophical justification for the welfare state was produced by the American sociologist Lester Frank Ward ( 1841 – 1913 ) whom the historian Henry Steele Commager called " the father of the modern welfare state ".

With his Columbia University colleague Allan Nevins, Commager helped to organize academic support for Adlai E. Stevenson and John F. Kennedy.

Commager wrote hundreds of essays and opinion pieces on history or presenting a historical perspective on current issues for popular magazines and newspapers.

Although Commager was not deeply concerned with race in the early part of his career, he eventually became an advocate for civil rights for African-Americans, as he was for other groups.

In 1953 the NAACP Legal Defense Fund asked Commager for advice for their argument before the Supreme Court for the case of Brown vs Board of Education, but at the time he was not persuaded that this litigation would succeed on historical grounds, and so advised the lawyers.

Commager and his co-author Samuel Eliot Morison received vigorous criticism from African American intellectuals and other scholars for their very popular textbook The Growth of the American Republic, first published in 1930.

( Although Morison was responsible for the textbook's controversial section on slavery and references to the slave as " Sambo ," and although Commager was the junior member of the writing team when the book was first published and always deferred to Morison's greater age and academic stature, Commager has not been spared from charges of racism in this matter.

Morison was criticized by some African-American scholars for his treatment of American slavery in early editions of his book The Growth of the American Republic, which he co-wrote with Henry Steele Commager and William E. Leuchtenburg.

He also joined his friend, frequent co-editor, and Columbia colleague Henry Steele Commager in organizing " Professors for Kennedy ", a political advocacy group that played key roles in the 1960 presidential election.

He was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and educated at Columbia University, where his mentor for the Ph. D. degree was Henry Steele Commager.

In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, " In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat.

* 1902 – Henry Steele Commager, American historian ( d. 1998 )

While at Columbia, his professors included Harry Carman, Henry Steele Commager, and David Donald.

* Commager, Henry Steele and Morris, Richard B., eds.

This classic biography met great critical acclaim, including an assessment by the eminent American historian Henry Steele Commager as " the best biography of Debs.

Commager, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, worked his way through the University of Chicago, earning the B. A., M. A., and Ph. D. degrees by the time he was twenty-eight.

Commager married author Evan Alexa Carroll ( b. Feb 4, 1904, d. Mar 28 1968 ) of Bennettsville, South Carolina on July 3, 1928 ; the couple had three children, Henry Steele Commager Jr., known as Steele Commager, who became an eminent classicist at Columbia University and wrote the leading book on the Roman poet Horace ; Elizabeth Carroll Commager ; and Nellie Thomas McCall Commager ( now Nell Lasch, wife of the historian Christopher Lasch ).

In England, Charles was placed under the charge of Alletta ( Hogenhove ) Carey, the Dutch-born wife of courtier Sir Robert Carey, who taught him how to talk and insisted that he wear boots made of Spanish leather and brass to help strengthen his weak ankles.

After the Cockermouth school, he was sent to a school in Penrith for the children of upper-class families and taught by Ann Birkett, a woman who insisted on instilling in her students traditions that included pursuing both scholarly and local activities, especially the festivals around Easter, May Day, and Shrove Tuesday.

It starred Spencer Tracy, portraying the real Clarence Darrow defending the teacher, and Fredric March as his rival attorney, portraying William Jennings Bryan who insisted that creationism was the only valid subject that should be taught to children.

Astor was home-schooled in academics and taught to play the piano by her father, who insisted she practice daily.

Rachmaninoff taught him much about musicianship, including how to analyze a music score, and insisted that Chaliapin learn not only his own roles but also all the other roles in the operas in which he was slated to appear.

" A monotheist, he insisted that there was but one eternal God of all the universe, the Father, and that " progression to godhood " ( a doctrine allegedly taught by Joseph Smith toward the end of his life ) was impossible.

He insisted that there was but one eternal God, the Father, and that progression to godhood ( a doctrine allegedly taught by Joseph Smith ) was impossible.

) Catholic writers have always taught the necessity of contrition for the forgiveness of sin, and they have insisted that such necessity arises ( a ) from the very nature of repentance as well as ( b ) from the positive command of God.

Josef and his wife did not have children, and apparently the young Anton had their full attention: Josef taught him violin and piano, his wife insisted that the boy learned French and German, and Reicha also received instruction in flute.

To help maximise the on-screen action, Martin Shaw and Lewis Collins were taught stunt driving skills and encouraged to propel their respective cars through streets as rapidly as possible, although London Weekend Television insisted that the stars had to be chauffeured when travelling to filming sets.

The company had insisted that this worker was unqualified and refused to train him, so white union members had taught him the job during their lunch breaks.

One of the most famous European followers of the movement was the abstract painter Johannes Itten, who taught at the Bauhaus, who insisted on shaven heads, crimson robes and colonic irrigation.

He insisted on telling the truth to the Chinese people and strengthening the Chinese media for later generations.

Blaming the demise of the Everglades on science whores such as himself seemed as silly to Chaz as blaming lung cancer on the medical doctors employed by tobacco companies, who for generations had insisted that cigarettes were harmless.

Most of the officers insisted on leaving this was despite the fact, Sardar Ataullah Mengal as chief minister moved a resolution in the Balochistan Assembly to do away with the domicile category and suggested that those who had spent several generations in the province should be treated as locals ( Rahman 2006 ).

I know now why the students insisted that I go to Hiroshima even when I told them I didn't want to.

In an April 1969 letter to Time, Capp insisted, " The students I blast are not the dissenters, but the destroyers — the less than 4 % who lock up deans in washrooms, who burn manuscripts of unpublished books, who make combination pigpens and playpens of their universities.

In protests unprecedented in this scope at the time, students insisted that the university administration lift the ban of on-campus political activities and acknowledge the students ' right to free speech and academic freedom.

He always insisted that there must be the same standard of examination for degrees at Sydney as in the leading British universities, and he spared no pains in helping his students to reach that standard.

During these demonstrations, students also insisted on the resignation of three Chinese officials involved in these proceedings.

He insisted on teaching men and women " the same ", used nude male models in female classes and vice versa, and was accused of abusing female students.

" Soon after arriving in Baltimore Osler insisted that his medical students attend at bedside early in their training: by their third year they were taking patient histories, performing physicals and doing lab tests examining secretions, blood and excreta.

Although, at first, he insisted that he did not take students, Miller soon became his photographic assistant, as well as his lover and muse.

Among other things, he insisted on the necessity of purchasing a collection of pictures by the best masters as models for the students, and proposed several of those in the Orleans collection.

She insisted that distribution requirements would ensure students a more well-rounded education in a diversity of fields and therefore present them with more career possibilities.

In protests unprecedented in this scope at the time, students insisted that the university administration lift the ban of on-campus political activities and acknowledge the students ' right to free speech and academic freedom.

He insisted that the University alter its policy to sell alcohol to all legal drinkers throughout the stadium, including its own students.

Kazemi insisted that she did not photograph any part of the prison, only the street and the demonstrators, who were family members of activist students jailed in the prison.

He also insisted that his students learn a foreign language if an international career was expected.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah knew that whenever students insisted on anything done it, nary a force of the world was able to hamper them from their determined opinion.

He insisted that the students refer to him by his first name, and although he was more rousing and less laid-back than his predecessor, he proved to be just as wise and caring ( Billy also had a habit of boisterously greeting his class every morning with the phrase, " Good morning, geniuses!

The next headmaster, Richard McFeely, ushered in an era of campus growth, and of a change to a less formal relationship between students and faculty: he insisted on being addressed by first name, and was generally known as " Mr Dick.

Rather than worshiping God, Singh insisted that his students train their mind to experience God.

As part his goal to develop " the graces and values of antebellum Southern society ", Hollins students were denied autonomy ; Cocke insisted that they seek permission to receive guests, obtain outside reading materials, or make purchases.

Merrill insisted that the school had only one rule: " No rollerskating in the halls ," — an exhortation that students should not "... act like a damn fool, but think about your actions and how they affect others ".

Duke University President Terry Stanford agrees, sending the students a letter asking them to change the obscene cheers into, “ wholesome, witty, and forceful .” Television networks also have a problem with the Crazies, NBC once insisted on a time-delay so that the crowd could be censored if necessary.