In the late 1960s, Nevins and Commager parted ways over the issue of the war in Vietnam -- a war that Commager opposed on constitutional grounds and Nevins supported as a necessary part of the struggle in the cold war against Communism.

Historian Henry Commager wrote that " Even when definitions of terrorism allow for state terrorism, state actions in this area tend to be seen through the prism of war or national self-defense, not terror .” While states may accuse other states of state-sponsored terrorism when they support insurgencies, individuals who accuse their governments of terrorism are seen as radicals, because actions by legitimate governments are not generally seen as illegitimate.

* The Secret Government: The Constitution in Crisis: With Excerpts from an Essay on Watergate ( 1988 ), coauthor Henry Steele Commager, Seven Locks Press, hardcover: ISBN 0-932020-61-5, 1990 reprint: ISBN 0-932020-85-2, 2000 paperback: ISBN 0-932020-60-7 ; examines the Iran-Contra affair

Commager married author Evan Alexa Carroll ( b. Feb 4, 1904, d. Mar 28 1968 ) of Bennettsville, South Carolina on July 3, 1928 ; the couple had three children, Henry Steele Commager Jr., known as Steele Commager, who became an eminent classicist at Columbia University and wrote the leading book on the Roman poet Horace ; Elizabeth Carroll Commager ; and Nellie Thomas McCall Commager ( now Nell Lasch, wife of the historian Christopher Lasch ).

Commager died of pneumonia at the age of ninety-five on March 2, 1998.

Commager originally studied Danish history, and wrote his Ph. D. dissertation on the Danish philosophe Johann Friedrich Struensee, a major reformer during the Enlightenment.

Commager wrote hundreds of essays and opinion pieces on history or presenting a historical perspective on current issues for popular magazines and newspapers.

In 1953 the NAACP Legal Defense Fund asked Commager for advice for their argument before the Supreme Court for the case of Brown vs Board of Education, but at the time he was not persuaded that this litigation would succeed on historical grounds, and so advised the lawyers.

( Although Morison was responsible for the textbook's controversial section on slavery and references to the slave as " Sambo ," and although Commager was the junior member of the writing team when the book was first published and always deferred to Morison's greater age and academic stature, Commager has not been spared from charges of racism in this matter.

August A. Meier, a young professor at a black southern college, Tougaloo College, and a former student of Commager, corresponded with Morison and Commager during this period of time in an effort to get them to change their textbook and reported that Morison " just didn't get it " and didn't understand the negative effects that the Sambo stereotype was having on young impressionable students.

Meier, on the other hand, found that Commager, although at first woefully unaware of black history, was open-minded on the subject and willing to learn and change.

* Commager on Tocqueville ( Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1993 )

Under the influence of his mentor at Chicago, the constitutional historian Andrew C. McLaughlin, Commager shifted his research and teaching interests to American history.

** Alan Brinkley, " The Public Professor " ( A review of " Henry Steele Commager " by Neil Jumonville ), New Republic, September 27, 1999, p. 42.

The prize was awarded to Dumas Malone ( 1984 ), C. Vann Woodward ( 1986 ), Richard B. Morris ( 1988 ), Henry Steele Commager ( 1990 ), Edmund S. Morgan ( 1992 ), John Hope Franklin ( 1994 ), Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. ( 1996 ), Richard N. Current ( 1998 ), Bernard Bailyn ( 2000 ), Gerda Lerner ( 2002 ), David Brion Davis ( 2004 ), and David Herbert Donald ( 2006 ).

* Commager, Henry Steele ; The American Mind ; Chapter 10: Lester Ward and the Science of Society ; Yale University Press ; 1950. http :// books. google. com / books? id = De5sdTFRt5YC & printsec = frontcover & dq = commager + the + american + mind & sig = ACfU3U11MMq0SqETx -- ZijN4Kuqs-4hgkA # v = onepage & q = what % 20sumner % 20did % 20not % 20see & f = false

Although the United States lagged far behind European countries in instituting concrete social welfare policies, the earliest and most comprehensive philosophical justification for the welfare state was produced by the American sociologist Lester Frank Ward ( 1841 – 1913 ) whom the historian Henry Steele Commager called " the father of the modern welfare state ".

This classic biography met great critical acclaim, including an assessment by the eminent American historian Henry Steele Commager as " the best biography of Debs.

Commager, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, worked his way through the University of Chicago, earning the B. A., M. A., and Ph. D. degrees by the time he was twenty-eight.

Commager's first monograph was the 1936 biography, Theodore Parker: Yankee Crusader, a life of the Unitarian minister, Transcendentalist, reformer, and abolitionist Theodore Parker ; it was reissued in 1960, along with a volume edited by Commager collecting the best of Parker's voluminous writings.

Later, Commager came to embrace the vigorous use of judicial review by the Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren to protect racial and religious minorities from discrimination and to safeguard individual liberties as protected by the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment.

Commager was representative of a whole generation of like-minded historians who were widely read by the general public, including Samuel Eliot Morison, Allan Nevins, Richard Hofstadter, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., and C. Vann Woodward.

Morison was criticized by some African-American scholars for his treatment of American slavery in early editions of his book The Growth of the American Republic, which he co-wrote with Henry Steele Commager and William E. Leuchtenburg.

Holt was a strong proponent of American sovereignty and refused to sign a Declaration of Interdependence that 32 Senators and 92 Representatives signed in 1975, written by historian Henry Steele Commager.

The two best-known collections were edited by Henry Steele Commager and published by Random House.

* Commager, Henry Steele and Morris, Richard B., eds.

In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, " In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat.

* 1902 – Henry Steele Commager, American historian ( d. 1998 )

While at Columbia, his professors included Harry Carman, Henry Steele Commager, and David Donald.

Henry Steele Commager ( October 25, 1902 – March 2, 1998 ) was an American historian who helped define Modern liberalism in the United States for two generations through his forty books and 700 essays and reviews.

With his Columbia University colleague Allan Nevins, Commager helped to organize academic support for Adlai E. Stevenson and John F. Kennedy.

Commager insisted, and taught generations of his students, that historians must write not only for one another but for a wider audience.

Commager once said about teaching, " What every college must do is hold up before the young the spectacle of greatness.

On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy but contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege.

Scott remained publicly opposed to McCarthyism and racial segregation throughout her career.

Fulbright opposed McCarthyism and the House Un-American Activities Committee and later became known for his opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War.

Pusey vigorously opposed McCarthyism in the 1950s and supported the U. S. Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing countries began calling for the United Nations ( UN ) to create a development agency that would offer technical support and concessional financing, with a particular desire that the agency adhere to other UN bodies ' convention of each country having one vote as opposed to a weighted vote.

In the 1940s, Lukas was a charter member of the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, a conservative lobbying group opposed to possible Communist influence in Hollywood.

As opposed to modern swing technique, followers of old-style traditional Lindy Hop prefer not to use moves and technique that cannot be found in movies from the 1950s, 1940s, 1930s and 1920s.

Marketing lessons of the 1920s, changing economic times, and the impact of World War II led to a more successful marketing campaign for male and female wedding bands, and by the late 1940s, double-ring ceremonies made up for 80 % of all weddings, as opposed to 15 % before the Great Depression.

The GAC was enormously influential throughout the late 1940s, but in 1950, the GAC unanimously opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb.

Its concerns overlap those of the Old Right that opposed the New Deal in the 1930s and 1940s, as well as American social conservatism of the late 20th century expressed, for example, in the book Single Issues by Joseph Sobran.

The UAW became strongly anti-communist after it expelled its Communist leaders in the late 1940s following the Taft – Hartley Act, and supported the Vietnam war and opposed the antiwar Democratic candidates.

While some fellow Republicans in the Alaska Territory opposed statehood, Hickel joined Democrats in calls for joining the Union during the late 1940s and into the 1950s.

The UDA was formed by former members of the Socialist Party of America and Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies as well as labor union leaders, liberal politicians, theologians, and others who were opposed to the pacifism adopted by most left-wing political organizations in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

In the late 1940s, science fiction fanzine artist Ray Nelson ( himself still in high school ) adopted the use of the propeller beanie as emblematic shorthand for science fiction fandom, in self-mockery of the popular image of fans as childish and concerned with ephemera ( i. e., science fiction ); references to it are ironically now used to identify old-fashioned fans, as opposed to more modern fans of media SF.

Skeptics argue that fears of population control can be traced back to the traumatic legacy of the eugenics movement's " war against the weak " in the United States during the first decades of the 20th century but also the Second Red Scare in the U. S. during the late 1940s and 1950s, and to a lesser extent in the 1960s, when activists on the far right of American politics routinely opposed public health programs, notably water fluoridation, mass vaccination and mental health services, by asserting they were all part of a far-reaching plot to impose a socialist or communist regime.

In the late 1940s, work resumed on an all-animated Alice with a focus on comedy, music and spectacle as opposed to rigid fidelity to the books, and finally, in 1951, Walt Disney released a feature-length version of Alice in Wonderland to theaters, eighteen years after first discussing ideas for the project and almost thirty years after making his first Alice Comedy.

In the 1940s, Coburn served as vice-president of the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, a group opposed to leftist infiltration and proselytization in Hollywood during the Cold War.

As opposed to salsa, whose roots are with the Cuban conjunto bands of the 1940s and 1950s, modified with rock, jazz, and traditional music of Puerto Rico, Timba represents a synthesis of a wider variety of popular and folkloric sources.

Following the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in which Khurshchev initiated De-Stalinization, Gheorghiu-Dej issued propaganda accusing Pauker, Luca and Georgescu of having been an arch-Stalinists responsible for the party's excesses in the late 1940s and early 1950s ( notably, in regard to collectivization )— despite the fact that they had occasionally opposed a number of radical measures advocated by the General Secretary.

He opposed the French Mandate over Lebanon in the late 1930s and early 1940s, and advocated an independent state, free from foreign control.

Despite some superficial similarities between the two characters, the Famous animators were at pains to design Audrey in contrast to Lulu, adopting an entirely different color scheme and employing the stylistic conventions common to Famous Studios ' later 1940s repertoire, as opposed to Buell's individualistic rendering of Little Lulu.

In the 1940s, Celler opposed both the isolationists and the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration by forcefully advocating that the United States relax immigration laws on an emergency basis to rescue those fleeing the Holocaust.

He opposed increases in Mothers ' Allowances in the 1940s, and opposed penal reform even prior to his appointment as Attorney General.

Frank Beaver wrote in Bosley Crowther: Social Critic of the Film, 1940-1967 that Crowther opposed displays of patriotism in films and believed that a movie producer " should balance his political attitudes even in the uncertain times of the 1940s and 1950s, during the House Un-American Activities Committee.

The atmosphere is non-communal by and large and Muslims of Darbhanga were mostly opposed to the Pakistan Movement of Muslim League in the 1940s.

It went on to say that at the site there was little evidence of the money that had been spent ; several of the pieces were from the 1940s and 1950s, as opposed to the nineteenth century, which was the time period that was supposedly being preserved ; that some of the better pieces of equipment were actually foreign, Canadian, to be precise ; other museums, already in existence, were already fulfilling the historical mission of Steamtown ; and that other NPS projects like Yosemite and Yellowstone were in desperate need of funding.

He was adamant in his belief in representational art and strongly opposed the dominant force of abstract art during late 1940s and early 1950s.