In addition to fundamental contributions in several branches of theoretical computer science, Knuth is the creator of the TeX computer typesetting system, the related METAFONT font definition language and rendering system, and the Computer Modern family of typefaces.

# Volume E, Computer Modern Typefaces ( Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1986 ), xvi + 588pp.

However, according to Claudia Zaslavsky's book Tic Tac Toe: And Other Three-In-A Row Games from Ancient Egypt to the Modern Computer, Tic-Tac-Toe could originate back to ancient Egypt.

Some simpler Metafont fonts, such as the calligraphic mathematics fonts in the Computer Modern family, use a single pen stroke with a relatively large pen to define each visual " stroke " of the glyphs.

More complex fonts such as the Roman text fonts in the Computer Modern family use a small pen to trace around the outline of the visual " strokes ", which are then filled ; the result is much like an outline font, but with slightly softened corners defined by the pen shape.

Computer Modern Roman illustrates many uses of this feature ; a typical TeX installation includes a number of versions of the font in sizes from 5pt to 17pt, with the stroke widths the same in all sizes ( rather than increasing as the font is scaled up ) and aspect ratios widening in the smaller sizes for increased legibility.

In addition, the Computer Modern typewriter and sans-serif fonts are defined using essentially the same Metafont file as the Roman font, but with different global parameters.

The Computer Modern fonts replace it with an " E. T.

" symbol in the < tt > cmti < i >#< i ></ tt >( text italic ) fonts, so it can be entered as in running text when using the default ( Computer Modern ) fonts .< ref >

* Inventors of the Modern Computer

* Optical font scaling: depending on the staff size, the design of the music font is slightly altered ; this is a feature that Donald Knuth's Computer Modern font is known for.

* Computer Modern, default family of typefaces used by the typesetting program TeX

The result of this project include TeX for typesetting, Metafont for font construction and the Computer Modern typefaces that are the default fonts used by TeX.

In the series of 5 books Knuth not only describes the TeX and Metafont languages ( volumes A and C ), he also describes and documents the source code ( in the WEB programming language ) of the TeX and Metafont interpreters ( volumes B and D ), and the source code for the Computer Modern fonts used by TeX ( volume E ).

The books themselves were typeset in the Computer Modern Roman typeface using TeX ; thus, in Knuth's words, they " belong to the class of sets of books that describe precisely their own appearance.

# Volume E: Computer Modern Typefaces.

A character-by-character listing ( in the Metafont language ) of the source code for the Computer Modern typefaces ( cmr, cmbx, cmti, etc.

The classes were: Classical Origins of Western Culture, Introduction to Art, Introduction to Music, People, Power, and Politics, The Shaping of the Modern World, Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning and Computer Programming, Landmarks of Literature, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geology, Studies in African, Asian, and Latin American Cultures, and Knowledge, Existence and Values.

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Computer Science, Modern Languages, English, and Philosophy are some of the departments located in Fenton.

Undergraduate degree programs include: Anthropology, Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Communication, Communication Disorders and Sciences, Computer and Information Sciences, Criminal Justice, English, Geosciences, History, Mathematical Sciences, Modern Languages and Literature, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Social Work, Sport Management and Exercise Science, Theatre and Dance, Visual Arts and New Media

* The University of Manchester celebrates the Birth of the Modern Computer

* The School of Arts and Sciences is home to the following departments: American Studies / Media & Communications ; Biological Sciences ; Chemistry and Physics ; English ; History and Philosophy ; Mathematics, Computer and Information Science ; Modern Languages ; Politics, Economics and Law ; Industrial and Labor Relations ; Psychology ; Sociology ; and Visual Arts.

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It was demonstrated in July 1976 at the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto, California.

The high price was likely due to the rare documents and packaging offered in the sale in addition to the computer, including the original packaging ( with the return label showing Steve Jobs ' parents ' address, the original Apple Computer Inc ' headquarters ' being their garage ), a personally typed and signed letter from Jobs ( answering technical questions about the computer ), and the original invoice showing ' Steven ' as the salesman.

The Atanasoff – Berry Computer ( ABC ) was the first electronic digital computing device.

The memory of the Atanasoff – Berry Computer was a pair of drums, each containing 1600 capacitors that rotated on a common shaft once per second.

Although the Atanasoff – Berry Computer was an important step up from earlier calculating machines, it was not able to run entirely automatically through an entire problem.

The case was legally resolved on October 19, 1973 when U. S. District Judge Earl R. Larson held the ENIAC patent invalid, ruling that the ENIAC derived many basic ideas from the Atanasoff – Berry Computer.

Version 4. 1, in a slightly modified form, was also the standard operating system for the Apple Network Server systems sold by Apple Computer to complement the Macintosh line.

This was a topic of major commercial effort at the time, dominating shows like the National Computer Conference ( NCC ) in Anaheim in May 1983.

Initially Aster computer b. v. was called MCP ( Music print Computer Product ), because it was specialized in producing computer assisted printing of sheet music.

It was presented at the AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1967.

Atlas Autocode ( AA ) was a programming language developed around 1965 at Manchester University for the Atlas Computer.

When AA was ported to the English Electric KDF9 computer, the character set was changed to ISO and that compiler has been recovered from an old paper tape by the Edinburgh Computer History Project and is available online, as is a high-quality scan of the original Edinburgh version of the Atlas Autocode manual.

In its prototype stage, the Atari 5200 was originally called the " Atari Video System X-Advanced Video Computer System ", and was codenamed " Pam " after a female employee at Atari Inc.

The Atari 7800 ProSystem was the first game system from Atari Inc. designed by an outside company, General Computer Corporation ( GCC ).

He later collected a number of these into book form, " 101 BASIC Computer Games ", which was first published in 1973.

One of the first to appear was Tiny BASIC, a simple BASIC variant designed by Dennis Allison at the urging of Bob Albrecht of the Homebrew Computer Club.

How to design and implement a stripped-down version of an interpreter for the BASIC language was covered in articles by Allison in the first three quarterly issues of the People's Computer Company newsletter published in 1975 and implementations with source code published in Dr. Dobb's Journal of Tiny BASIC Calisthenics & Orthodontia: Running Light without Overbyte.

Among the famous mathematicians and cryptanalysts working there, the most influential and the best-known in later years was Alan Turing who is widely credited with being " The Father of Computer Science ".

The use of letter " i " prefixes and suffixes to denote information technology or interactivity was very much in vogue at this time, notably with the launch of the iMac and the iPod by Apple Computer ; according to the BBC, the " i " in BBCi stood for " interactivity " as well as " innovation ".

In the late 1960s the D2000, D4000 range was produced ( also known as the TC500 — Terminal Computer 500 ) which had a golf ball printer and a 1K ( 80 bit ) disk memory.

For example a B205 console was often shown in the television series Batman as the Bat Computer ; also as the computer in Lost in Space.