As a result, Alexios and Constantine, Maria's son, were now adoptive brothers and both Isaac and Alexios took an oath that they would safeguard his rights as emperor.

Early Christendom would close at the end of imperial persecution of Christians after the ascension of Constantine the Great and the Edict of Milan in AD 313 and the First Council of Nicaea in 325.

Additional complications also arose when Constans came of age, and Constantine, who had grown used to dominating his younger brother, would not relinquish the guardianship.

A meeting at Eamont Bridge on 927 was sealed by an agreement that Constantine, Owen of Strathclyde, Hywel Dda, and Ealdred would " renounce all idolatry ": that is, they would not ally with the Viking kings.

Socrates Scholasticus ( born c. 380 ), in his Ecclesiastical History, gives a full description of the discovery ( that was repeated later by Sozomen and by Theodoret ) which emphasizes the role played in the excavations and construction by Helena ; just as the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem ( also founded by Constantine and Helena ) commemorated the birth of Jesus, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre would commemorate his death and resurrection.

Maximian's son Maxentius, and Constantius ' son Constantine would then become Caesars.

Within twenty-five years of the persecution's inauguration, the Christian Emperor Constantine would rule the empire alone.

Most in the crowd believed they knew what would follow ; Constantine and Maxentius, the only adult sons of a reigning Emperor, men who had long been preparing to succeed their fathers, would be granted the title of Caesar.

Historians generally refer to the continuing Roman Empire in the east as the Byzantine Empire after Byzantium, the original name of the town that Constantine I would elevate to the Imperial capital as New Rome in 330 AD.

When Constantine converted to Christianity the majority of his subjects were still pagans and the Roman Imperial cult of the divinity of the emperor, expressed through the traditional burning of candles and the offering of incense to the emperor ’ s image, was tolerated for a period because it would have been politically dangerous to attempt to suppress it.

Early in 313, Constantine and fellow Emperor Licinius reached an agreement at Milan that they would grant freedom of religion to the Christians and other religions and restore church property.

The council agreed that Licinius would become Augustus in the West, with Constantine as his Caesar.

This would keep Claudius ' record of being a descendant of Constantine from being tainted.

Claudius ' victories against the Goths would not only make him a hero in Latin tradition, but an admirable choice as an ancestor for Constantine, who was born at Naissus, the site of Claudius ' victory in 269.

Their efforts culminated on January 7, 1895 when Vikelas announced that crown prince Constantine would assume the presidency of the organising committee.

According to this version, Constantine with his army was marching ( Eusebius does not specify the actual location of the event, but it clearly is not in the camp at Rome ), when he looked up to the sun and saw a cross of light above it, and with it the Greek words " Εν Τούτῳ Νίκα ", En toutō níka, usually translated into Latin as " in hoc signo vinces ," both phrases have the literal meaning " In this sign, shall conquer ;" a more free translation would be " Through this sign shall conquer ".

On 7 March 321, Constantine I, Rome's first Christian Emperor ( see Constantine I and Christianity ), decreed that Sunday would be observed as the Roman day of rest:

Constantine knew that to receive his crown from Gregory would add fuel to the existing fires of religious discord in the capital.

In exchange for the surrender of Constantinople, the emperor's life would be spared and he would continue to rule in Mistra, to which, as preserved by G. Sphrantzes, Constantine replied:

During the Balkan Wars and the Greco-Turkish War, under the influence of the Megali Idea, the name of the then-Greek king, Constantine, was used in Greece as a popular confirmation of the prophetic myth about the Marble King who would liberate Constantinople and recreate the lost Empire.

According to the work De Administrando Imperio written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, the Croats had arrived in what is today Croatia in the early 7th century, however that claim is disputed and competing hypotheses date the event between the 6th and the 9th centuries.

According to the Constantine VII christianization of Croats began in the 7th century, but the claim is disputed and generally christianization is associated with the 9th century.

With Constantine ’ s death in 337, Constans and his two brothers, Constantine II and Constantius II divided the Roman world between themselves, after first deposing of virtually all of the relatives of their father who could possibly have a claim on the throne.

In this the " hoary " Constantine, by now around 60 years of age, is said to have lost a son in the battle, a claim which the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba confirms.

According to tradition, Constantine arranged for the rockface to be removed from around the tomb, without harming it, in order to isolate the tomb ; in the centre of the rotunda is a small building called the Kouvouklion ( Kουβούκλιον ; Modern Greek for small compartment ) or Aedicule ( from Latin: aediculum, small building ), which supposedly encloses this tomb, although it is not currently possible to verify the claim, as the remains are completely enveloped by a marble sheath.

Derived from Greek oikoumenikos (), " ecumenical " means " worldwide " but generally is assumed to be limited to the Roman Empire in this context as in Augustus ' claim to be ruler of the oikoumene / world ; the earliest extant uses of the term for a council are Eusebius ' Life of Constantine 3. 6 around 338, which states "" ( he convoked an Ecumenical Council ); Athanasius ' Ad Afros Epistola Synodica in 369 ;< ref >

The Vasojevići clan claim descent from Stephen Constantine of the Nemanjić dynasty ( that ruled Medieval Serbia, 1166 – 1371 ).

In the year 1231 the village was known as Kinglassin and was in the Lochoreshire area, however that changed in 1235 when Constantine II of Lochore renounced his claim to the lands in favour of the Abbey of Dunfermline, from this time on Kinglassie ceased to be part of Lochoreshire., but little of antiquity remains, except for the Dogton Stone with its Celtic Cross situated in a field a mile ( 1. 5 km ) to the south.

Æthelstan's success in securing the submission of Constantine II, King of Scots, at the Treaty of Eamont Bridge in 927 allowed him to claim the title of ' king of the English ', and even " by wishful extension " ' king of Britain '.

Since almost thirty European countries lay claim to fragments of the holy nails, Blom ( 2002 ) holds that " Constantine also understood the value of these objects in diplomacy "; Several were sent off to various dignitaries, one of whom was Princess Theodelinda.

) Thoros of Marash ( according to Rüdt-Collenberg, he was the brother of Constantine I ; it is not known what evidence this claim is based on but it should be treated with caution )

It was unavoidable that as the search for original Christianity was carried further, some would claim that the tension between the church and the Roman Empire in the first centuries of Christianity was somehow normative, that the church is not to be allied with government, that a true church is always subject to be persecuted, and that the conversion of Constantine I was therefore the Great apostasy that marked a deviation from pure Christianity.

Critics claim that Constantine II did nothing to prevent the government ( and especially his chosen prime minister, Kollias ) from legally instituting the authoritarian government to come.

They claim that the Literalists won out when the emperor Constantine saw the political merit of ' one empire, one emperor, one god ', nearly exterminating the Gnostics, and became the Roman Catholic Church and its modern descendants.

On December 21, the day that the Irish House of Commons petitioned for removal of Sir Constantine Phipps, their Tory Lord Chancellor, Molesworth reportedly made this remark on the defense of Phipps by Convocation: `` They that have turned the world upside down, are come hither also ''.

Constantine is believed to have exiled those who refused to accept the Nicean creed — Arius himself, the deacon Euzoios, and the Libyan bishops Theonas of Marmarica and Secundus of Ptolemais — and also the bishops who signed the creed but refused to join in condemnation of Arius, Eusebius of Nicomedia and Theognis of Nicaea.

After the death of his master the school of Syria was dispersed, and Aedesius seems to have modified his doctrines out of fear of Constantine, and took refuge in divination.

A famous marble set, probably 2nd century, was brought to St Peter's, Rome by Constantine I, and placed round the saint's shrine, and was thus familiar throughout the Middle Ages, by which time they were thought to have been removed from the Temple of Jerusalem.

Although the date of his birth is nowhere recorded, Constantine II cannot have been born any later than the year after his father's death, that is 879.

Woolf suggests that Constantine and his cousin Donald may have passed Giric's reign in exile in Ireland where their aunt Máel Muire was wife of two successive High Kings of Ireland, Áed Findliath and Flann Sinna.

If he had been in exile, Constantine may have returned to Pictland where his cousin Donald II became king.

The Second Battle of Corbridge appears to have been indecisive ; the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba is alone in giving Constantine the victory.

A negotiated settlement may have ended matters: according to John of Worcester, a son of Constantine was given as a hostage to Æthelstan and Constantin himself accompanied the English king on his return south.

Although his retirement may have been involuntary, the Life of Cathróe of Metz and the Prophecy of Berchán portray Constantine as a devout king.

The monastery which Constantine retired to, and where he is said to have been abbot, was probably that of St Andrews.

In fact, it was Malcolm who made the raid, but Constantine incited him, as I have said.

The fifth-century pagan Zosimus, by contrast, praised Diocletian for keeping troops on the borders, rather than keeping them in the cities, as Constantine was held to have done.

Samuel Lee, the editor ( 1842 ) and translator ( 1843 ) of the Syriac Theophania thought that the work must have been written " after the general peace restored to the Church by Constantine, and before either the ' Praeparatio ,' or the ' Demonstratio Evengelica ,' was written.

The addresses and sermons of Eusebius are mostly lost, but some have been preserved, e. g., a sermon on the consecration of the church in Tyre and an address on the thirtieth anniversary of the reign of Constantine ( 336 ).

At one time or another they have characterized him as a political propagandist, a good courtier, the shrewd and worldly adviser of the Emperor Constantine, the great publicist of the first Christian emperor, the first in a long succession of ecclesiastical politicians, the herald of Byzantinism, a political theologian, a political metaphysician, and a caesaropapist.

While many have shared Burckhardt's assessment, particularly with reference to the Life of Constantine, others, while not pretending to extol his merits, have acknowledged the irreplaceable value of his works which may principally reside in the copious quotations that they contain from other sources, often lost.

Historians Vladislav Zubok and Constantine Pleshakov have suggested that " atheism remained rooted in some vague idea of a God of nature.