Vetranio immediately sent letters to Constantius pledging his loyalty, which Constantius may have accepted simply in order to stop Magnentius from gaining more support.

Gaul was again a source of troubles for Honorius: just after Constantius ' troops had returned to Italy, Jovinus revolted in northern Gaul, with the support of Alans, Burgundians, and the Gallic nobility.

Constantius drove Ataulf into Hispania, and Attalus, having again lost Visigoth support, was captured and deposed.

In need of support, in 351 he made Julian's half-brother, Gallus, Caesar of the East, while Constantius II himself turned his attention westward to Magnentius, whom he defeated decisively that year.

Despite this reversal Eulalius ' position appeared to be the stronger, for he had the support of the Empress Galla Placidia and her husband Constantius, because he had been elected first.

After Constantine's death, the prestige given to the orthodox cause in the Arianist controversy by the support of the venerable Hosius led the Arians to bring pressure to bear upon Constantius II, who had him summoned to Milan where he declined to condemn Athanasius nor to extend communion to Arians.

In Gratianus ’ retirement, Roman Emperor Constantius II ( reigned 337-360 ) confiscated all of his estates because of his suspected support of Roman usurper Magnentius.

A bust of Emperor Constantius II from Syria. Ammianus was born between 325 and 330 in the Greek-speaking East, possibly at Antioch on the Orontes.

After the death of Constantine I ( May 337 ), this was the formal division of the Empire, until Dalmatius was killed and his territory divided between Constans and Constantius.

Eutropius, writing between 350 and 370, writes that Constantius merely sanctioned “ the act, rather than commanding it ”.

Although often considered an Arian, Constantius ultimately preferred a third, compromise version that lay somewhere in between Arianism and the Nicene Creed, retrospectively called Semi-Arianism.

Early in his reign, Constantius issued a double edict in concert with his brothers limiting the ownership of slaves by Jewish people and banning marriages between Jews and Christian women.

With Constantine ’ s death in 337, Constans and his two brothers, Constantine II and Constantius II divided the Roman world between themselves, after first deposing of virtually all of the relatives of their father who could possibly have a claim on the throne.

After the death of Constantine I ( May 337 ), this was the formal division of the Empire, until Dalmatius was killed and his territory divided between Constans and Constantius.

Following the death of his father in 337, Constantine II initially became emperor jointly with his brothers Constantius II and Constans, with the Empire divided between them and their cousins, the Caesars Dalmatius and Hannibalianus.

After the death of Constantine I ( May 337 ), this was the formal division of the Empire, until Dalmatius was killed and his territory divided between Constans and Constantius.

In 360 in Lutetia ( Paris ) he was acclaimed Augustus by his soldiers, sparking a civil war between Julian and Constantius.

The first book sketches briefly the history of the early Roman emperors from Augustus to Diocletian ( 305 ); the second, third and fourth deal more fully with the period from the accession of Constantius Chlorus and Galerius to the death of Theodosius I ; the fifth and sixth, the most useful for historians, cover the period between 395 and 410, when Priscus Attalus was deposed ; for this period, he is the most important surviving non-ecclesiastical source.

Roman Empire ( 337 ) is divided between the territories of ( left to right ): Constantine II ( emperor ) | Constantine II, Constans I, Dalmatius and Constantius II

To strengthen the ties between the emperor and his powerful military servant, in 289 Constantius divorced his wife ( or concubine ) Helena, and married the emperor Maximian ’ s daughter, Theodora.

Although prior to 303 there appeared to be tacit agreement between the Tetrarchs that Constantius ’ s son, Constantine and Maximian ’ s son Maxentius were to be promoted to the rank of Caesar once Diocletian and Maximian had resigned the purple, by the end of 304 Galerius had convinced Diocletian ( who in turn convinced Maximian ) to appoint Galerius ’ s nominees Severus and Maximinus Daia as Caesars.

The conflict between Magnentius and Constantius had allowed the Alamanni and Franks to take advantage of the confusion and cross the Rhine, attacking several important settlements and fortifications.

Theodora, the wife of Constantius Chlorus, is often called Maximian's stepdaughter by ancient sources, leading to claims by Otto Seeck and Ernest Stein that she was born from an earlier marriage between Eutropia and Afranius Hannibalianus .< ref > Aurelius Victor, de Caesaribus 39. 25 ; Eutropius, Breviaria 9. 22 ; Jerome, Chronicle 225 < sup > g </ sup >; Epitome de Caesaribus 39. 2, 40. 12, quoted in Barnes, New Empire, 33 ; Barnes, New Empire, 33 .</ ref > Barnes challenges this view, saying that all " stepdaughter " sources derive their information from the partially unreliable work of history Kaisergeschichte, while other, more reliable sources, refer to her as Maximian's natural daughter .< ref > Origo Constantini 2 ; Philostorgius, Historia Ecclesiastica 2. 16 < sup > a </ sup >, quoted in Barnes, New Empire, 33.

Recent research has distinguished between Hilary's thought before his period of exile in Phrygia under Constantius and the quality of his later major works.

The precise legal nature of the relationship between Helena and Constantius is also unknown.

He first appears ( c. 357 ) as a supporter of Acacius, bishop of Caesarea, the leader of that party in the episcopate which supported the Homoean formula by which the emperor Constantius II sought for a compromise between the Homoiousian and the Homoousian.

" Despite this, a quantity of apparently Romano-British pottery has been unearthed on the site, as has a Roman-style drawstring leather purse containing ten low denomination Roman coins, dating between the reigns of Tetricus I ( 270-272 CE ) and Constantius II ( 337-361 ).

* Roman civil war of 350 – 351 AD, between Constantius II and Magnentius-victory to Constantius.

* Roman civil war of 360 – 361 AD, between Constantius II and Julian the Apostate-victory to Julian.

After the death of Constantine I ( May 337 ), this was the formal division of the Empire, until Dalmatius was killed and his territory divided between Constans and Constantius.

* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.

Before facing Magnentius, Constantius first came to terms with Vetranio, a loyal general in Illyricum who had recently been acclaimed emperor by his soldiers.

At first, this so greatly angered Constantius that he immediately ordered Gallus ' execution.

On December 11, 361, Julian entered Constantinople as sole emperor and, despite his rejection of Christianity, his first political act was to preside over Constantius ' Christian burial, escorting the body to the Church of the Apostles, where it was placed alongside that of Constantine.

In his first panegyric to Constantius, Julian described the ideal ruler as being essentially primus inter pares (" first among equals "), operating under the same laws as his subjects.

Both the Empress Galla Placidia and her husband Constantius III favored Eulalius, who had been elected first.

The first is under the command of Asclepiodotus, Constantius ' long serving Praetorian Prefect.

* April 28 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnentius.

His first recorded act was, after a synod had been held at Rome, to write to Emperor Constantius II, then in quarters at Arles ( 353 – 354 ), asking that a council might be called at Aquileia with reference to the affairs of Athanasius of Alexandria, but his messenger Vincentius of Capua was compelled by the emperor at a conciliabulum held in Arles to subscribe against his will to a condemnation of the orthodox patriarch of Alexandria.

Constantius ’ first task on becoming Caesar was to deal with the Roman usurper Carausius who had declared himself emperor in Britannia and northern Gaul in 286.

The first was entrusted to Asclepiodotus, Constantius ’ long serving Praetorian Prefect, who sailed from the mouth of the Seine, while the other, under the command of Constantius himself, was launched from his base at Bononia.

Gratian was first married to Flavia Maxima Constantia, daughter of Constantius II.

His efforts were not at first successful, for at the synod of Biterrae ( Béziers ), summoned in 356 by the Emperor Constantius with the professed purpose of settling the longstanding disputes, Hilary was, by an imperial rescript, banished with Rhodanus of Toulouse to Phrygia, where he spent nearly four years in exile.

It is unknown where she first met Constantius.

The city was among several taken in the Roman conquest in 75 BC ; the Romans built the Via Militaris in the 1st century, with Naissus being one of its key towns ; it is also the birthplace of Constantine the Great, the first Christian Emperor and the founder of Constantinople, and Constantius III and Justin I.

In 293, Theodora married Flavius Valerius Julius Constantius ( later known as Constantius Chlorus ), after he had divorced from his first wife, Helena, to strengthen his political position.

Constantius II focused most of his power in the East and is regarded as the first emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

Gallus was a son of Julius Constantius by his first wife Galla.