Copernicus later drew heavily on the work of al-Din al-Tusi and his students, but without acknowledgment.

Kepler's laws and his analysis of the observations on which they were based, the assertion that the Earth orbited the Sun, proof that the planets ' speeds varied, and use of elliptical orbits rather than circular orbits with epicycles — challenged the long-accepted geocentric models of Aristotle and Ptolemy, and generally supported the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus ( although Kepler's ellipses likewise did away with Copernicus's circular orbits and epicycles ).

On pages 190 and 191 of Owen Gingerich's monograph on Copernicus The Book Nobody Read, reference is made to an astronomical fresco in the main gallery of the Escorial Library, near Madrid, Spain, built 1567-84, which shows Dionysius the Areopagite observing an eclipse at the time of Christ's crucifixion.

Later Nicolaus Copernicus would refer to this book as an influence on his own work.

Beverly Crusher was born Beverly Howard on October 13, 2324 in Copernicus City, Luna.

In 1543 Copernicus ' work on the heliocentric model of the solar system was published, in which he tried to demonstrate that the sun was the center of the universe.

The largest institution of higher education in Toruń, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń serves over 40 thousand students and was founded in 1945, based on the Toruń Scientific Society, Stefan Batory University in Wilno, and Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv.

The Aristotelian model was accepted in the Western world for roughly two millennia, until Copernicus revived Aristarchus ' theory that the astronomical data could be explained more plausibly if the earth rotated on its axis and if the sun were placed at the center of the universe.

Roughly a century before Copernicus, Christian scholar Nicholas of Cusa also proposed that the Earth rotates on its axis in his book, On Learned Ignorance ( 1440 ).

** Nicolaus Copernicus ' De revolutionibus is placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Congregation of the Index of the Roman Catholic Church.

; Save Doctor Lucky on Moon Base Copernicus ( 2002 ): A new map for Save Doctor Lucky depicting an " unexplodable " space station.

" Copernicus was aware of the practice of exchanging bad coins for good ones and melting down the latter or sending them abroad, and he seems to have drawn up some notes on this subject while he was at Olsztyn in 1519.

* Margulis, Lynn, and Dorion Sagan, 1997, Slanted Truths: Essays on Gaia, Symbiosis, and Evolution, Copernicus Books, ISBN 0-387-94927-5

Paul met with Galileo Galilei in 1616 after Cardinal Bellarmine had, on his orders, warned Galileo not to hold or defend the heliocentric ideas of Copernicus.

Thorvaldsen produced some striking and affecting statues of historic figures, including two in Warsaw, Poland: an equestrian statue of Prince Józef Poniatowski that now stands before the Presidential Palace ; and the seated Nicolaus Copernicus, before the Polish Academy of Sciences building — both located on Warsaw's Krakowskie Przedmieście.

A replica of the Copernicus statue was cast in bronze and installed in 1973 on Chicago's lakefront along Solidarity Drive in the city's Museum Campus.

This was subsequently confirmed in November 2008 by the publication of the results of DNA tests on fragments of bone and hair found on the skeleton: hair that matched two strands of hair which belonged to Copernicus and are currently located in Uppsala University.

* Copernicus ' astronomical observatory, work room, instruments and planetarium are on display at Frombork's Copernicus Museum

But Copernicus ' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( published in 1543, long after Novara's death ) records that on 9 March 1497 Novara witnessed Copernicus ' first observation.

* di Novara's Influence on Copernicus

The heliocentric theory was successfully revived nearly 1800 years later by Copernicus, after which Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton gave the theoretical explanation based on laws of physics, namely Kepler's laws for the motion of planets and Newton's laws on gravitational attraction and dynamics.

Copernicus, by placing the sun at the center of the planetary universe, was able to reduce the number of epicycles from eighty-three to seventeen.

If in any one calculation Ptolemy had had to invoke 83 epicycles all at once, while Copernicus never required more than one third this number, then ( in the sense obvious to Margenau ) Ptolemaic astronomy would be simpler than Copernican.

Hermann Bondi named the principle after Copernicus in the mid-20th century, although the principle itself dates back to the 16th-17th century paradigm shift away from the Ptolemaic system, which placed Earth at the center of the Universe.

Researchers at Case Western Reserve University and Copernicus Therapeutics are able to create tiny liposomes 25 nanometers across that can carry therapeutic DNA through pores in the nuclear membrane.

Having made the assumption that the Sun was at the center of the universe, Copernicus realized that calculating tables of planetary motion ( mathematical charts that describe the movements of planets ) was much easier and more accurate.

He claims that Copernicus arrived at the Earth's true relation to the Sun not as a consequence of following a method, but via " the greater intellectual satisfaction he derived from the celestial panorama as seen from the Sun instead of the Earth.

This includes the building of state of the art new terminals with an increased number of jetways and stands at both Copernicus Airport in Wrocław and Lech Wałęsa Airport in Gdańsk.

As noted by Copernicus himself, the suggestion that the Earth rotates was very old, dating at least to Philolaus ( c. 450 BC ), Heraclides Ponticus ( c. 350 BC ) and Ecphantus the Pythagorean.

Nicolaus Copernicus | Copernicus ' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium at the Jagiellonian Library.

From 1516 – 21, Nicolaus Copernicus lived at the castle as administrator of Allenstein and Mehlsack ( Pieniężno ); he was in charge of the defenses of Allenstein and Warmia during the Polish-Teutonic War of 1519 – 21.

These lectures were attended by Nicolaus Copernicus, who enrolled at the Academy in 1491.

* 1543 – Nicolaus Copernicus places the sun at the gravitational center, starting a revolution in science

The spacecraft was targeted at Sinus Medii, but crashed near Copernicus crater.

The empirical methodology he developed proved to be extraordinarily accurate for its day and was still in use at the time of Copernicus and Kepler.

Copernicus eliminated Ptolemy's somewhat-maligned equant but at a cost of additional epicycles.

Copernicus ' theory was at least as accurate as Ptolemy's but never achieved the stature and recognition of Ptolemy's theory.

* Bernstein, Jeremy Hitler ’ s Uranium Club: The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall ( Copernicus, 2001 ) ISBN 0-387-95089-3

Among the astronomers who were asked to work on the problem of how the calendar could be reformed was Nicolaus Copernicus, a canon at Frombork ( Frauenburg ).

These wonders are important achievements of society, science, culture and defense, ranging from the Pyramids and the Great Wall in the Ancient age, to Copernicus ' Observatory and Magellan's Expedition in the middle period, up to the Apollo program, the United Nations, and the Manhattan Project in the modern era.

The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age, but from the late 16th century onward was gradually superseded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler.

The Apollo 12 mission landed north of Copernicus on mare basalts of Oceanus Procellarum that were believed to have been in the path of one of the crater's rays, and scientists hoped cosmic ray exposure ages of soil samples would help constrain the crater age.

At the Copernicus School in Thorn, after demonstrating a knowledge far exceeding others of his age, he twice skipped a grade.