Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf are ( clockwise, from the north ): Iran, Oman ( exclave of Musandam ), United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar on a peninsula off the Saudi coast, Bahrain on an island, Kuwait and Iraq in the northwest.

Another famous abjuration was brought about by the Plakkaat van Verlatinghe of July 26, 1581, the formal Declaration of Independence of the Low Countries from the Spanish king, Philip II.

A combination of deception and brilliant administration – designed to conceal his true destination from friend and foe alike – enabled Marlborough to march unhindered from the Low Countries to the River Danube in five weeks.

To isolate the Danube from any Allied intervention, Marshal Villeroi's 46, 000 troops were expected to pin the 70, 000 Dutch and English troops around Maastricht in the Low Countries, while General de Coigny protected Alsace against surprise with a further corps.

Marlborough could not attack Dillingen because of a lack of siege guns – he was unable to bring any from the Low Countries, and Baden had failed to supply any despite assurances to the contrary.

Older editions of the CIA World Factbook, going back to 1989, country rankings constructed from CIA data, and additional country information from other sources are available at the Countries of the World website, which was begun in 1996.

As the popular response to Luther gathered momentum, the social disorders, which Erasmus dreaded and Luther disassociated himself from, began to appear, including the German Peasants ' War, the Anabaptist disturbances in Germany and in the Low Countries, iconoclasm and the radicalization of peasants across Europe.

It was announced on 24 January 2006 that Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao would visit Fiji that April to open the China-Pacific Islands Countries Economic Development & Cooperation Forum Ministerial Conference 2006 at Sofitel Fiji Resort in Nadi, a conference of economic and trade ministers from Pacific island countries.

Gabon is a member of the UN and some of its specialized and related agencies, including the World Bank ; Organization of African Unity ( OAU ); Central African Customs Union ( UDEAC / CEMAC ); EC association under Lome Convention ; Communaute Financiere Africaine ( CFA ); Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ); Non-Aligned Movement ; withdrew from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ).

Around this time the center of political and social importance in the Low Countries started to shift from Flanders ( Bruges – Ghent ) to Brabant ( Antwerp – Brussels ), although Ghent would continue to play an important role.

This was the first book of Masses by a native composer: in the Italian states of his day, most composers of sacred music were from the Low Countries, France, Portugal, or Spain.

Countries contribute money to a pool through a quota system from which countries with payment imbalances can borrow funds temporarily.

* 1581 – Plakkaat van Verlatinghe ( Act of Abjuration ): the northern Low Countries declare their independence from the Spanish king, Philip II.

Mali is among the ten poorest nations of the world, is one of the 37 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, and is a major recipient of foreign aid from many sources, including multilateral organizations ( most significantly the World Bank, African Development Bank, and Arab Funds ), and bilateral programs funded by the European Union, France, United States, Canada, Netherlands, and Germany.

* 1729 – Pierre van Maldere, violinist and composer from the Southern Low Countries ( present-day Belgium ) ( d. 1768 )

It was not until John, who had been disappointed in his hope for an easy victory after being driven from Roche-au-Moine and had retreated to his transports that the Imperial Army, with Otto at its head, assembled in the Low Countries.

For the invasion of France and the Low Countries in 1940 ( Fall Gelb ) the three SS-VT and three of the SS-TV regiments were each organized into divisions ( the future 2nd " Das Reich " and 3rd " Totenkopf "), and another division was raised from the Ordnungspolizei ( later the 4th " Polizei ").

Under the IMF's Highly Indebted Poor Countries debt relief program, Senegal will benefit from eradication of two-thirds of its bilateral, multilateral, and private sector debt, contingent on the completion of privatization program proposed by the government and approved by the IMF.

In November 2011, the OECD removed Trinidad and Tobago from its list of Developing Countries.

* Lothair received the central portion of the empire which later became, from north to south: the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and the Kingdom of Italy ( which covered only the northern half of the Italian Peninsula ), collectively called Middle Francia.

The primary targets of the U-boat campaigns in both wars were the merchant convoys bringing supplies from Canada, the British Empire and the United States to the islands of Great Britain and ( during World War II ) to the Soviet Union and the Allied Countries in the Mediterranean.

Marlborough — ignoring the wishes of the Dutch, who preferred to keep their troops in the Low Countries — led the English and Dutch forces southward to Germany ; Eugene, meanwhile, moved northward from Italy with the Austrian army.

Low Countries: Bergen op Zoom is in the upper center.

Its remains have been found in what is now Portugal, Spain, France ( excluding the central massif ), Great Britain and Ireland, the Low Countries, and Germany between the Elbe and Rhine, with an extension along the upper Danube into the Vienna basin ( Austria ), Hungary and Czech Republic, with Mediterranean outposts on Sardinia and Sicily ; there is less certain evidence for direct penetration in the east.

** Beaker culture spreads to most of Western Europe ( Portugal, Spain, France ( excluding the central massif ), Great Britain and Ireland, the Low Countries, and Germany from the Elbe valley west, with an extension along the upper Danube into the Vienna basin in Austria, with Mediterranean outposts on Sardinia and Sicily ).

Bad relations between England and Flanders brought hard times to the shepherds scattered over the dales and downs as well as to the crowded Flemish cities, and while the English, so far, had done no more than grumble, Othon had seen what the discontent might lead to, for before he left the Low Countries the citizens of Ghent had risen in protest against the expense of supporting Edward and his troops, and the regular soldiers had found it unexpectedly difficult to put down the nasty little riot that ensued.

Montgomery's training paid off when the Germans began their invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May 1940 and the 3rd Division advanced to the River Dijle and then withdrew to Dunkirk with great professionalism, entering the Dunkirk perimeter in a famous night-time march which placed his forces on the left flank which had been left exposed by the Belgian surrender.

With the decline of the Holy Roman emperors ' power starting in the 13th century, the Low Countries were largely left to their own devices.

Two seasons of inconclusive campaigning that ravaged the north of France left Edward penniless at the end of 1341 ; he returned home, and when he returned to the fray, it was to Brittany: he never returned to the Low Countries.

At the age of twelve, he left the Low Countries with Ferrante Gonzaga and went to Mantua, Sicily, and later Milan ( from 1547 to 1549 ).

Edward's policy of building alliances put him in great debt, and when he left the Low Countries to return to England late in 1338, Salisbury had to stay behind as surety to the king's debtors, along with the king's family and the Earl of Derby.

The company staff left Belgium ahead of the German invasion of the Low Countries and returned after the war to build aircraft under license for the Belgian Air Force.

Upon the accession of Queen Elizabeth I, however, the nuns left England for the Low Countries, and thence, after many vicissitudes, to Rouen in France and finally, in 1594, to Lisbon the capital of Portugal.

He returned to England, where he followed Leicester to the Low Countries in May 1585, and when Leicester returned to England, he left Hotman behind as his agent, with the special commission to pacify the troubles in Utrecht.

He left for London in 1961 for the degree of Barrister-at-Law and was admitted and called to the Bar by the Honorable Society of Lincoln's Inn, to practice Law as a member of the English Bar as well as Commonwealth Countries Bar.

He was sent to Halle to complete his education, but in 1693 left the university to serve with the Prussian contingent of the allied army in the Low Countries.

; All Countries: Extend left arm straight out in the direction of the turn, parallel to the road.

Formed in 1978, with the goal of establishing an independent Marxist state in the so-called Catalan Countries, the group carried out dozens of attacks that left many people injured and one person dead.

He was one of the most famous Netherlandish painters of his generation, a prolific master who left his early workshop in Valenciennes to run two workshops, one in Bruges, where he was made a burgher in 1494, the other simultaneously in Antwerp, which was the economic center of the Low Countries.

Unlike many of his contemporaries, many of whom traveled to Italy, Spain or elsewhere, he seems never to have left the Low Countries.

Both are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union and other multilateral organizations.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

Countries marked in dark colors are authoritarian, and most often dictatorships.

Countries that are more red are authoritarian, and most often dictatorships.

Countries choose this kind of economic integration if their economical structures are complementary.

In 2004 the Right to Food Guidelines are adopted, offering guidance to states on how to implement their obligations on the right to food .< ref > Olivier de Schutter ( 2010 ) " Countries tackling hunger with a right to food approach.

Excavations are currently underway, and if the so far presented estimates hold true, the site would be the only pre-glacial ( Neanderthal ) site so far discovered in the Nordic Countries, and it is approximately 125, 000 years old.

Countries within the EU are required to adopt the directive in national legislation by early 2013.

The IMU's members are Member Countries and each Member country is represented through an Adhering Organization, which may be its principal academy, a mathematical society, its research council or some other institution or association of institutions, or an appropriate agency of its government.

The Commission for Developing Countries supports research travel of mathematicians based in developing countries as well as mathematics research conferences in the developing world through its Grants Program which is open to mathematicians throughout the developing world, including countries that are not ( yet ) members of the IMU.

Countries are required to update their AIP manuals every 28 days and so provide definitive regulations, procedures and information for each country about airspace and aerodromes.

Countries are increasingly recognizing how severely IC / PBS can affect patients ' lives, by officially recognizing that it can completely impair functioning.

In common use are such terms as Lusophone, meaning Portuguese-speaking, and Lusitanic, referring to the Community of Portuguese Language Countries — once Portugal's colonies and presently independent countries still sharing some common heritage.

Countries are forced to follow suit, on this view, because should they not foreign investment will dry up, move places with lower " burdens " and leave more people jobless and poor.

* They are both members of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.

Countries seen as not being sufficiently compliant with such recommendations are subjected to financial sanctions.

Countries with a minority Muslim population are more likely than Muslim-majority countries of the Greater Middle East to use mosques as a way to promote civic participation.

Some micro-nationalists call their countries Nomadic Countries, especially ones that have no land and are based on the Internet.

Both are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union and other multilateral organizations.

Countries such as Belgium and Switzerland that often use charitable fund-raising design stamps that are desirable for collectors.