While most Covenant-breakers are involved in schismatic groups, that is not always the case.

Since Covenant-breaking presumes that one has submitted oneself to a covenant and then broken it, and Bábís never recognized or swore allegiance to Bahá ' u ' lláh, they are not Covenant-breakers.

As a group who believe that Mason Remey was the second Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith, they are considered heretical Covenant-breakers by the majority of Bahá ' ís who follow the leadership of the Universal House of Justice.

Members of the Bahá ' í Faith are expected to shun those that have been declared Covenant-breakers, and expelled from the religion, by the head of their faith.

Most of the groups regarded by the larger group of Bahá ' ís as Covenant-breakers originated in the claims of Charles Mason Remey to the Guardianship in 1960.

This gradually resulted in his siblings and cousins disobeying his instructions and marrying into the families of Covenant-breakers, many of whom were expelled as Covenant-breakers themselves.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá advised all Bahá ' ís to shun anyone opposing the Covenant: "... one of the greatest and most fundamental principles of the Cause of God is to shun and avoid entirely the Covenant-breakers, for they will utterly destroy the Cause of God, exterminate His Law and render of no account all efforts exerted in the past.

For example, a Bahá ' í who refuses to follow guidance on treatment of Covenant-breakers is at risk of being named one.

One article originally written for the Bahá ' í Encyclopedia, characterized Covenant-breakers that have emerged in the course of Bahá ' í history as belonging to one of four categories:

* " Treacherous Ruhi Afnan, not content with previous disobedience, correspondence with Mirza Ahmad Sohrab, contact with old Covenant-breakers, sale, in conjunction with other members of family, of sacred property purchased by Founder of Faith, and allowing his sister to marry son of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá's enemy, is now openly lecturing on Bahá ' í movement, claiming to be its exponent and is misrepresenting the teachings and deliberately causing confusion in minds of authorities and the local population.

* " With feeling profound concern, grief, indignation, am compelled disclose Bahá ' í world recent developments Holy Land furnishing further incontestable proof relationship established old and new Covenant-breakers demonstrating increasing boldness, marked, tragic decline in character and spiritual condition grandchildren ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

The present descendants of expelled members of Bahá ' u ' lláh's family have not specifically been declared Covenant-breakers, though they mostly do not associate themselves with the Bahá ' í religion.

Other branches of Bahá ' u ' lláh's family had already been declared Covenant-breakers in ` Abdu ' l-Bahá's Will and Testament.

They reserved to the " entire body of the Hands of the Cause " the responsibility to determine the transition of the International Bahá ' í Council into the Universal House of Justice, and that the Custodians reserved to themselves the authority to determine and expel Covenant-breakers.

He had no children, and during his lifetime all remaining male descendants of Bahá ' u ' lláh had been excommunicated as Covenant-breakers.

The following is a partial list of those who could not rightly be termed Covenant-breakers:

Contrary to ` Abdu ' l-Bahá's specific instruction, certain family members established illicit links with those declared Covenant-breakers by ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

Remey himself declared that being the Guardian gave him the exclusive right to declare who was or wasn't a Covenant-breaker, and that those who opposed him and followed the Hands of the Cause were Covenant-breakers.

The only ones publicly opposing him were Mirza Muhammad-Ali and his followers, who were declared Covenant-breakers by ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

* " My faithless brother Husayn, after long period of dishonourable conduct, has abandoned the Master's home to consort with his sister and other Covenant-breakers.

They, therefore, regard the Universal House of Justice in Haifa, Israel to be illegitimate, and its members and followers to be Covenant-breakers.

Sohrab and the Chanlers refused to be overseen by the New York Spiritual Assembly, and were expelled by Shoghi Effendi as Covenant-breakers.

Strikes should be declared illegal against corporations because disagreements would have to be settled by government representatives acting as controllers of the corporation whose responsibility to the state would now be defined against proprietorship because employees and proprietors must be completely interdependent, as they are each a part of the whole.

The activities of the Planning Division are defined in considerable detail in the enabling act of the Development Council, which assigns to the agency both broad responsibilities and specific duties in the field of planning.

The remaining ( incomplete ) components all have an even number of ordinary points at any argument, and are defined only on a proper sub-interval of Aj.

These are defined by a simple involutorial transformation of the points in which a general line meets a nonsingular quadric surface bearing a curve of symbol Af.

Even those who appear in only one or two scenes are full personalities, defined with economical precision.

But since this is a world in which people disagree about ends and goals and concerning justice and injustice, and since, in a situation where direct action and economic pressure are called for, the justice of the matter has either not been clearly defined by law or the law is not effectively present, there has to be a morality of means applied in every case in which people take it upon themselves to use economic pressures or other forms of force.

However, in contexts where " amoeboid " is defined more loosely, there are many amoeboid species that are in the Excavata clade.

Traditionally, amphibians as a class are defined as all tetrapods with a larval stage, while the group that includes the common ancestors of all living amphibians ( frogs, salamanders and caecilians ) and all their descendants is called Lissamphibia.

Other families included in the Alismatates as currently defined are here distributed among ten additional orders, all of which are assigned, with the following exception, to the Subclass Alismatidae.

The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions (), which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941.

Regions as defined in this context are merely for statistical, geographical, geological and climate related purposes and do not refer to an administrative division.

By the Naturalisation Act 1870, it was made possible for British subjects to renounce their nationality and allegiance, and the ways in which that nationality is lost are defined.

Cinematographic aspect ratios are usually denoted as a ( rounded ) decimal multiple of width vs unit height, while photographic and videographic aspect ratios are usually defined and denoted by whole number ratios of width to height.

Algebraic numbers are all numbers that can be defined explicitly or implicitly in terms of polynomials, starting from the rational numbers.

Most broadly, all numbers that can be defined explicitly or implicitly in terms of polynomials, exponentials, and logarithms are called " elementary numbers ", and these include the algebraic numbers, plus some transcendental numbers.

Angles are usually presumed to be in a Euclidean plane, but are also defined in non-Euclidean geometry.

Arianism is defined as those teachings attributed to Arius which are in opposition to mainstream Trinitarian Christological doctrine, as determined by the first two Ecumenical Councils and currently maintained by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and most Reformation Protestant Churches.

Alpha decay is by far the most common form of cluster decay where the parent atom ejects a defined daughter collection of nucleons, leaving another defined product behind ( in nuclear fission, a number of different pairs of daughters of approximately equal size are formed ).

There are five classes of amber, defined on the basis of their chemical constituents.

For galaxies ( which are of course themselves much larger than 10 parsecs, and whose overall brightness cannot be directly observed from relatively short distances ) the absolute magnitude is defined by reference to the apparent brightness of a point-like or star-like source of the same total luminosity as the galaxy, as it would appear if observed at the standard 10 parsecs distance.