Critics of academic elitism argue that highly-educated people tend to form an isolated social group whose views tend to be overrepresented amongst journalists, professors, and other members of the intelligentsia who often draw their salary and funding from taxpayers.

Critics of corporate-led globalization have expressed concern about the methodology used in arriving at the World Bank's statistics and argue that more detailed variables measuring poverty should be studied.

Critics of the SAP argue in favor of a weak anthropic principle ( WAP ) similar to the one defined by Brandon Carter, which states that the universe's ostensible fine tuning is the result of selection bias: i. e., only in a universe capable of eventually supporting life will there be living beings capable of observing any such fine tuning, while a universe less compatible with life will go unbeheld.

Critics in Chile, however, argue that poverty figures are considerably higher than those officially published.

Critics argue that there are some phenomena which are better captured by symbolic models, and that connectionist models are often so complex as to have little explanatory power.

Critics of Searle argue that he is holding the Chinese room to a higher standard than we would hold an ordinary person.

Critics argue that content-filtering software allows private companies to censor as they please.

Critics of planned economies argue that planners cannot detect consumer preferences, shortages, and surpluses with sufficient accuracy and therefore cannot efficiently co-ordinate production ( in a market economy, a free price system is intended to serve this purpose ).

Critics, such as psychiatrist Niall McLaren, argue that the DSM lacks validity because it has no relation to an agreed scientific model of mental disorder and therefore the decisions taken about its categories ( or even the question of categories versus dimensions ) were not scientific ones ; and that it lacks reliability partly because different diagnoses share many criteria, and what appear to be different criteria are often just rewordings of the same idea, meaning that the decision to allocate one diagnosis or another to a patient is to some extent a matter of personal prejudice.

Critics argue that the Mondragon Corporation is not truly distributist because it denies both the importance of the family ownership of the means of production, and localism.

Critics of foundationalism often argue that for a belief to be justified it must be supported by other beliefs ; in Donald Davidson's phrase, " only a belief can be a reason for another belief ".

Critics argue that the Charter presents the history of German people as starting from the expulsions, while ignoring events like Holocaust: professor Micha Brumlik pointed out that one third of signatories were former devoted Nazis and many actively helped in realisation of Hitler's goals ; Ralph Giordano wrote in Hamburger Abendblatt " the Charter doesn't contain a word about Hitler, Auschwitz and Buchenwald.

Critics argue that average students learning in isolation perform significantly lower than those learning with collaboration and mediation.

Critics, however, argue that their research was flawed.

Critics argue that MNT advocates have not provided a substitute for such a process of evolution in this nanoscale arena where conventional sensory-based selection processes are lacking.

Critics argue that to postulate a practically infinite number of unobservable universes just to explain our own seems contrary to Occam's razor.

Critics argue that this would lower the threshold for use of nuclear weapons.

Critics argue that farmers lawfully use large quantities of the fertilizer, and as of 2009, only Nevada and South Carolina require identification from purchasers.

Critics of this view argue that Oxford nor any other writer is not here identified as a concealed writer, but as the first in a list of known modern writers whose works have already been " made public ", " of which number is first " Oxford, adding to the publicly acknowledged literary tradition dating back to Geoffrey Chaucer.

Critics argue that it is false either because it is an over-simplified interpretation of behaviour or that there exists empirical evidence of altruistic behaviour.

Critics argue that about half the aid was a gift from the American taxpayer to American businesses, as $ 400 million consisted of incentives for U. S. business to export products to Panama, $ 150 million was to pay off bank loans and $ 65 million went to private sector loans and guarantees to U. S. investors.

Critics argue that conceptualist approaches only answer the psychological question of universals.

Critics argue that the absolute majority obtained by the winner of runoff voting is an artificial one.

Critics of racial profiling argue that the individual rights of a suspect are violated if race is used as a factor in that suspicion.

* Critics of sedevacantism argue that this also means that the theory advanced by the seventeenth-century theologian and Doctor of the Church Robert Bellarmine that a pope who fell into heresy would automatically forfeit his office and could be formally deposed has been overruled by Church authority by Benedict XIV in " De Synodo Dioecesano " ( 10, 1, 5 ) and by the 1917 Code of Canon Law, Can.

Critics claim that if the measures proposed by the US were implemented and applied this would prevent scientific research in Latin America, causing as a consequence more inequalities and technological dependence from the developed countries.

Critics allege that the government is seeking to use the Shura Council as a liberal bulwark to prevent clerical domination of politics.

Critics claim the Act gives police extended powers to deter or prevent peaceful protest.

Critics have argued these regulations are hyperhygienist, doing too much to prevent deliberate threats to biosecurity, and not enough to prevent the many natural threats arising from the transport of foodstuffs across ecological borders.

Critics claimed that the Oil-for-Food Programme was responsible, under the blockage of dual-use equipment, for preventing Iraq from repairing the water purification and medical systems destroyed by the initial sanctions and during 1991 Gulf War, and others challenged the programme on the grounds that it would not permit Iraq to import the food and medicine necessary to prevent millions of easily preventable deaths.

There are two streams of thought: Critics believe bicameralism makes meaningful political reforms more difficult to achieve and increases the risk of gridlock ( particularly in cases where both chambers have similar powers ), while proponents argue the merits of the " checks and balances " provided by the bicameral model, which they believe help prevent the passage into law of ill-considered legislation.

Critics of the industry, however, claim this competition as a disadvantage, arguing that it encourages a " race to the bottom " in which governments in developed countries are pressured to deregulate their own banking systems in an attempt to prevent the offshoring of capital.

Critics of this conception of philosophy as being essentially an epistemology ( or philosophy of science ) dedicated to exploring psychic or ideological blocks which prevent scientists from making specific hypothesis ( such as in Gaston Bachelard's theory ) argue that this only reverse the hierarchy between philosophy and science.

Critics accused Apple of using the lawsuit not only to protect its trade secrets, but to frighten its employees in order to prevent future leaking.

Critics suggest that sero-sorting may not prevent the development of a multi-strain " supervirus.

Critics say that the government could better prevent Amakudari by raising the retirement age for bureaucrats above 50.

Critics claim that Constantine II did nothing to prevent the government ( and especially his chosen prime minister, Kollias ) from legally instituting the authoritarian government to come.

Dent was the author of Black Milk ( Sheep Meadow Press, 2005 ); HIV, Mon Amour ( Sheep Meadow Press, 1999 ), which won the 1999 James Laughlin Award and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award ; and What Silence Equals ( Persea Books, 1993 ).

Critics have themselves been the subject of criticism ; Kalichman writes: " Anticircumcision groups have long existed and are increasingly vocal as MC programs for HIV prevention are promoted.

Critics argue that Ratzinger's approach would lead to increases in the frequency of HIV / AIDS infections, while many Catholics dispute this and emphasize the value of faithful relationships or chastity, as it is scientifically impossible to contract the disorder without having sex with an infected person, unless via some other means such as a blood transfusion or sharing a needle.

Critics claimed the popular media were wrong to report monarch butterflies were threatened because this experiment did not duplicate natural conditions under which monarch caterpillars may come in contact with corn pollen.

Critics may dispute the positive interpretation of results obtained in scientific studies of ESP, as they claim they are difficult to reproduce reliably, and are small in effect.

Critics of experimental parapsychology hold that there are no consistent and agreed-upon standards by which " ESP powers " may be tested.

Critics of this traditional view have observed that the types can be quite strongly stereotyped by professions ( although neither Myers nor Keirsey engaged in such stereotyping in their type descriptions ), and thus may arise more from the need to categorize people for purposes of guiding their career choice.

Critics may respond that this view seems to imply it would be similarly wrong for humans to try to reduce suffering in these ways, a position which few would advocate.

Critics have also opined that the poem may have been inspired by the voyage of Thomas James into the Arctic.

Critics and audiences alike may have failed to acknowledge Williams ' new style and novel approach to theater he developed during 1960s and refused to accept daring and different work from the playwright.

Critics may view the fictional characters as a psychological case study, attempting to identify such Freudian concepts as Oedipus complex, penis envy, Freudian slips, Id, ego and superego and so on, and demonstrate how they influenced the thoughts and behaviors of fictional characters.

Critics such as Charles Forker argue that the boy actors were a result of what " we may call androgyny ".

Critics ( such as R. D. Laing ) have argued that this leads to the diagnosis of delusions being based on the subjective understanding of a particular psychiatrist, who may not have access to all the information that might make a belief otherwise interpretable.

Critics, such as Drug Free America Foundation and other members of network International Task Force on Strategic Drug Policy, state that a risk posed by harm reduction is by creating the perception that certain behaviours can be partaken of safely, such as illicit drug use, that it may lead to an increase in that behaviour by people who would otherwise be deterred.

Critics claim the time frame for overcoming the technical and economic challenges to implementing wide-scale use of hydrogen cars is likely to last for at least several decades, and hydrogen vehicles may never become broadly available.

Critics of the term " diffusion capacity " argue that it may be misleading for other reasons as well, and point out two problems with the term.

Critics of the term have alleged that it aims to reject people or ideas on the grounds of race or sex, and that the term may encourage academics to exclude the valuable ideas of those who are white, male, and dead from college curricula.

Critics question the forthrightness of some law schools in providing prospective students with accurate information on alumni job placement and compensation rates, suggesting that law schools may distort their statistics to attract students.

Critics have argued that business contracts with the US government awarded to a company ( Perini ) controlled by Blum may raise a potential conflict-of-interest issue with the voting and policy activities of his wife.

Critics counter that tasers may interact with preexisting medical complications such as medications, and may even contribute to someone's death as a result.

Critics of GM foods contend that there is evidence that the cultivation of genetically modified plants may lead to environmental changes.

Critics of Jewish Renewal claim that the movement emphasizes individual spiritual experience and subjective opinion over communal norms and Jewish textual literacy ; the above-mentioned formalization of the ALEPH ordination programs may be a response to such criticism.

Critics charge that rather than supporting a favorite team in any one game, some fantasy owners may instead support the players on their fantasy rosters.

Critics viewed the casting of the white actor Michael Bates as the Indian bearer Rangi Ram as an example of blackface, a perception that may have contributed to the programme being infrequently repeated on British television.

Critics assert that these excluded products are precisely the kinds of manufactures that most developing countries are able to export, the argument being that developing countries may not be able to efficiently produce things like locomotives or telecommunications satellites, but they can make shirts.

Critics regard this strategy as hazardous, arguing that it is subject to confirmation bias ( likely to reinforce inaccurate beliefs or assumptions ) and may lead to prematurely narrowing an investigation.

Critics of the First Vision cite the multiple versions of the First Vision as evidence that it may have been fabricated by Smith.