This Gospel is considered by the majority of academics, including Christians and some Muslims ( such as Abbas el-Akkad ) to be late and pseudepigraphical ; however, some academics suggest that it may contain some remnants of an earlier apocryphal work ( perhaps Gnostic, Ebionite or Diatessaronic ), redacted to bring it more in line with Islamic doctrine.

Thus the harmonisation was replaced in the 5th century by the canonical four gospels individually, in the Peshitta version, whose Syriac text nevertheless contains many Diatessaronic readings.

The word is found in Gnostic texts such as the Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit, and also appears in the Greek Magical Papyri.

There are similarities and differences between such figures in reports about Basilides ' teaching, ancient Gnostic texts, the larger Greco-Roman magical traditions, and modern magical and esoteric writings.

Since some modern scholars do detect subtle theological and historical differences between the texts, such scholars do not subscribe to the rough-draft / polished-draft theory.

The early translators included Mashallah, who helped to elect the time for the foundation of Baghdad, and Sahl ibn Bishr, ( a. k. a. Zael ), whose texts were directly influential upon later European astrologers such as Guido Bonatti in the 13th century, and William Lilly in the 17th century.

While the early texts condemn killing in the strongest terms, and portray the ideal king as a pacifist, such a king is nonetheless flanked by an army.

The early texts do not contain just-war ideology as such.

Tales concerning the Skjöldungs, possibly originating as early as the 6th century, were later used as a narrative basis in such texts as Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus and Hrólfs saga kraka.

Bede was familiar with pagan authors such as Virgil, but it was not considered appropriate to teach biblical grammar from such texts, and in De schematibus ... Bede argues for the superiority of Christian texts in understanding Christian literature.

Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotional expressions in pictorial form.

The number of k-combinations from a given set S of n elements is often denoted in elementary combinatorics texts by C ( n, k ), or by a variation such as,, or even ( the latter form is standard in French, Russian, and Polish texts ).

Cognitive science has a pre-history traceable back to ancient Greek philosophical texts ( see Plato's Meno ); and certainly must include writers such as Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Benedict de Spinoza, Nicolas Malebranche, Pierre Cabanis, Leibniz and John Locke.

The written history of China can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty ( c. 1700 – 1046 BC ), although ancient historical texts such as the Records of the Grand Historian ( ca.

While the other major works that came out of Alfonso's workshops, including histories and other prose texts, were in Castilian, the Cantigas are in Galician-Portuguese, and reflect the popularity in the Castilian court of other poetic corpuses such as the cantigas d ' amigo and cantigas d ' amor.

Collage, which was popularized roughly contemporaneously with the Surrealist movement, sometimes incorporated texts such as newspapers or brochures.

Early Eastern Zhou texts, such as the Spring and Autumn Annals, provide better understanding of the calendars used in the Zhou dynasty.

From his religious training, Mather viewed the importance of texts for elaborating meaning and for bridging different moments of history — linking, for instance, the Biblical stories of Noah and Abraham with the arrival of such eminent leaders as John Eliot ; John Winthrop ; and his own father, Increase Mather.

Ancient Sri Lankan texts such as the Pujavaliya, Sadharmaratnavaliya and Yogaratnakaraya and inscriptional evidence show that the above hierarchy prevailed throughout the feudal period.

( Although texts mention certain categories for whom the way back will be exceedingly hard, such as the slanderer, the habitual gossip, and the malicious person )

The first layers of it can be seen in east Danish provincial law texts such as Skånske Lov, just as we can recognize west Danish in laws from the same ages in Jyske Lov.

Many kinds of such spirits ( Vetalas, Pishachas, Bhūta ) are recognized in the later Hindu texts.

To demonstrate the indeterminacy of legal doctrine, these scholars often adopts a method, such as structuralism in linguistics or deconstruction in continental philosophy, to make explicit the deep structure of categories and tensions at work in legal texts and talk.

The older mixed Vulgate / Diatessaron text type also appears to have continued as a distinct tradition, as such texts appear to underlie surviving 13th-14th century Gospel harmonies in Middle Dutch, Middle High German, Middle French, Middle English, Tuscan and Venetian ; although no example of this hypothetical Latin sub-text has ever been identified.

Other students have noted a range of textual similarities between passages in the Gospel of Barnabas, and variously the texts of a series of late medieval vernacular harmonies of the four canonical gospels ( in Middle English and Middle Dutch, but especially in Middle Italian ); which are all speculated as deriving from a lost Vetus Latina version of the Diatessaron of Tatian.

* Elegast / Elbegast / Alegast — elf guest, elf spirit ( Dutch, German, and Scandinavian texts, respectively )

Some texts call them procure and vacate to match the original Dutch initials.

The Dutch humanist Erasmus had been working for years on two projects: a collation of Greek texts and a fresh Latin New Testament.

This performance has been recorded and is now published by the non-profit association " Musique en Wallonie " under the reference MEW 0884-0885 in a two CD set accompanied with a book containing the Walloon text and its French, Dutch and English translation, and introductory texts written in French, Dutch, German and English.

The tale was adapted into Dutch, German, Italian and English versions throughout the Middle Ages and also incited subsequent sequels and related texts that form part of the Doon de Mayence cycle of chansons.

Numerous scholars have studied the language, including the Dutch expatriate Indonesian Prof. Dr. Petrus Josephus Zoetmulder S. J., who contributed an enormous quantity of original texts and serious scholarly study to the language, and his pupil and associate, Father Dr. Ignatius Kuntara Wiryamartana.

Collections of Wild Goose Resource Group songs and texts have been published internationally, including translations into Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Japanese, Dutch, Frisian, Danish and German.

The Dutch, French, German and Latin texts all have nine engraved maps and plates which are not present in the English version, THE RELATION.

Plattdeutsch / Niederdeutsch and Platduits / Nedersaksisch are seen in linguistic texts from the German and Dutch linguistic communities respectively.

Translations of early Greco-Roman texts published in German by Bock in 1546 as Kreuterbuch were subsequently translated into Dutch as Pemptades by Dodoens ( 1517 – 1585 ) who was a Belgian botanist of world renown.

Written by the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza, the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus or Theologico-Political Treatise was one of the most controversial texts of the early modern period.

Until the end of the 11th century, Dutch literature-like literature elsewhere in Europe-was almost entirely oral and in the form of poetry, as this helped troubadours remembering and reciting their texts.

Scientific and religious texts were written in Latin and as a consequence most texts written in the Netherlands were written in Latin rather than Old Dutch.

Extant Dutch texts from this period are rare.

The total number of people spreading posters and writing texts is unknown and for sure posters have been distributed in other countries, according to Loesje's newsletter ; however, there are approximately 500 people who receive the Dutch version of the monthly bulletin, and around 200 people who receive the international version.

Throughout the early 20th century, Dutch citizens and personnel were targeted by sporadic suicidal attacks by Acehnese patriots influenced by the Hikayat Perang Sabil and other proscribed texts.

His name is sometimes given in the Dutch language form Karel Lodewijk Blume, but the original Germanic spelling is the one most widely used in botanical texts, but even then there is confusion as he is sometimes referred to as K. L.

The version in print and widely available in English is a translation and synthesis of the original Dutch and the first English translation ( done by Huizinga himself ), because " a comparison of the two texts shows a number of discrepancies and a marked difference in style " ( Translators Note, unnumbered page ).

Because Old Frankish texts are almost non-existent and Old Dutch texts scarce and fragmentary, it is difficult to determine when the transition from Old Frankish to Old Dutch occurred, but it is thought to have happened by the end of the 9th century.