* Specific Gamma-Ray Dose Constants for Nuclides Important to Dosimetry and Radiological Assessment, Laurie M. Unger and D. K.

In the 1980s and 90s Christy participated in the National Research Council's Committee on Dosimetry, an extended effort to better understand the actual radiation exposure due to the Japanese bombs, and on the basis of that learning, better understand the medical risks of radiation exposure.

* I. M. Rosman and K. G. Zimmer The Use of Scintillators in Dosimetry German, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B: Anorg.

* K. G. Zimmer Problems of Neutron Dosimetry German, Strahlentherapie Volume 101, 143-151 ( 1956 )

* Measurement assisted assembly, any method of assembly in which measurements are used to guide assembly processes

Measurement is also difficult, and usually requires mass spectrometry to determine how much of the isotope is present in particular compounds, and there is no means of localizing measurements within the cell.

Tonnage measurements are now governed by an IMO Convention ( International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 ( London-Rules )), which applies to all ships built after July 1982.

* Medical Measurement: Products for non-invasive measurements of physiological values.

The instrument was similarly used to produce reference measurements by the World Road Association ( PIARC ) in its 1998 " International Experiment to Harmonise Longitudinal and Transverse Profile Measurement and Reporting Procedures.

Measurement error and statistical uncertainty are also present in all measurements.

ATLAS-3 instruments, mounted on a Spacelab pallet in the cargo bay, included Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ), which collected more data on trace gases in the atmosphere than on all three of its previous flights combined ; Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer ( SSBUV ), which took ozone measurements to calibrate ozone monitor on aging NOAA-9 satellite as well as cooperative measurements with other ATLAS-3 instruments ; Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ( ACRIM ), which took extremely precise measurements of the sun's total radiation for 30 orbits as calibration reference for sister instrument on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite ( UARS ) launched in 1991 ; Measurement of the Solar Constant ( SOLCON ), provided by Belgium, which also measured solar radiation but as reference point to track changes over years ; Solar Spectrum Measurement ( SOLSPEC ), French instrument, measured sun's radiation as function of wavelength ; and Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor ( SUSIM ), which collected its highest precision solar ultraviolet radiation measurements in its 15-year lifetime.

* Measurement systems analysis, the analysis of the process of obtaining measurements

Generally, a drug or other therapeutic agent with a narrow therapeutic range ( i. e. having little difference between toxic and therapeutic doses ) may have its dosage adjusted according to measurements of the actual blood levels achieved in the person taking it.

Because of his brain injury and the extreme damage suffered to his sight, the patient had to train himself for a new line of work, that of a portfolio-maker, an occupation requiring a great deal of precision in the making of measurements and a fairly well-developed sense of form and contour.

A physical apparatus for taking measurements may have suffered a transient malfunction.

For many years he was uncertain whether he discovered a true physical phenomenon or whether his measurements suffered from a systematic bias ( indeed, the first measurements did have a positive temperature bias as the instruments were liable to radiative heating by solar radiation ).

Among the multitude of medical problems women suffered to achieve these drastic measurements were cracked and deformed ribs, weakened abdominal muscles, deformed and dislocated internal organs, and respiratory ailments.

In addition to the heart and aorta, successful measurements of liver and spleen have also been made by this technique.

The observed intensity of the radio emission of Venus is much higher than the expected thermal intensity, although the spectrum indicated by measurements at wave lengths near 3 cm and 10 cm is like that of a black body at about 600-degrees.

For the low-temperature measurements the sample was cooled by a cold nitrogen gas flow method similar to that of Andrew and Eades.

field measurements by experienced explorers are not rejected, and even reports of a less scientific nature are duly evaluated.

The information obtained by astrometric measurements provides information on the kinematics and physical origin of our Solar System and our galaxy, the Milky Way.

Astrometric measurements are used by astrophysicists to constrain certain models in celestial mechanics.

Experimental measurements of the speed of sound in air were carried out successfully between 1630 and 1680 by a number of investigators, prominently Mersenne.

Precise measurements of the relative positions of the inner planets can be made by radar and by telemetry from space probes.

In classical LS AAS, as it has been proposed by Alan Walsh, the high spectral resolution required for AAS measurements is provided by the radiation source itself that emits the spectrum of the analyte in the form of lines that are narrower than the absorption lines.

Their main disadvantage is the distortion of the flow itself by the structure supporting the transducers, which requires a correction based upon wind tunnel measurements to minimize the effect.

Satellite measurements made in 1999 with the Wide Field Infrared Explorer showed that the brightness of Altair fluctuates slightly, varying by less than a thousandth of a magnitude.

Altair was later observed to be flattened by infrared interferometric measurements made by the Palomar Testbed Interferometer in 1999 and 2000.

This phenomenon, known as gravity darkening or the von Zeipel effect, was confirmed for Altair by measurements made by the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer in 2001, and analyzed by Ohishi et al.

( 2005 ) verified gravity darkening using the measurements made by the Palomar and Navy interferometers, together with new measurements made by the VINCI instrument at the VLTI.

The best measurements available ( from WMAP ) show that the data is well-fit by a Lambda-CDM model in which dark matter is assumed to be cold ( warm dark matter is ruled out by early reionization ), and is estimated to make up about 23 % of the matter / energy of the universe, while baryonic matter makes up about 4. 6 %.

The earliest and most direct kinds of observational evidence are the Hubble-type expansion seen in the redshifts of galaxies, the detailed measurements of the cosmic microwave background, the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and today also the large scale distribution and apparent evolution of galaxies predicted to occur due to gravitational growth of structure in the standard theory.

In 1907 Dr Duncan MacDougall made weight measurements of patients as they died.

He took some hasty measurements of its position and direction of motion, and using an old clock and a pendulum with which he took his patients ’ pulses, he estimated the duration of the transit at 1 hour, 17 minutes and 9 seconds.

A comprehensive assessment of apraxia should include formal testing, standardized measurements of ADLs, observation of daily routines, self-report questionnaires and targeted interviews with the patients and their relatives.

In patients with elevated arterial carbon dioxide, an arterial partial pressure of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > ( PaCO < sub > 2 </ sub >) greater than 45 mm Hg in the setting of acidemia would prompt intubation, especially if a series of measurements demonstrate a worsening respiratory acidosis.

ECG measurements should be considered for patients with cardiac disease, and electrolyte disturbances should be corrected before starting treatment.

Monitoring the effects of antiretroviral therapy by serial measurements of plasma HIV-1 RNA with this test has been validated for patients with viral loads greater than 25, 000 copies per milliliter.

Forty-nine of them find no significant differences between measurements done on patients who have taken Vitamin X and those who have taken a placebo.

Factor XII does play an important role in clot formation during in vitro measurements of the partial thromboplastin time, which causes these measurements to be markedly prolonged in patients with factor XII deficiency, usually well beyond even what is seen in hemophilia A, hemophilia B, or factor 11 deficiency.

All measurements below refer to adult patients ; applying them to children may be misleading.

Similarly, calculated measurements of renal function ( such as the Cockroft-Gault formula ) are unlikely to reflect actual activity of the kidney, as these calculations were developed for patients in whom the circulatory system correlates with the body weight ; this relation is lost in a post-hemicorporectomy patient.

In 2003, the European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology recommended the use of IMT measurements in high-risk patients to help identify target organ damage not revealed by other exams such as the electrocardiogram.

The most promising clinical application of lung EIT measurements is for Lung function monitoring of patients being treated with Mechanical ventilation.

Image is scanned in from measurements I made on one of my patients, with all distinguishing factors removed.

A study of 100 post-op patients followed with serial chest X-rays and temperature measurements showed that the incidence of fever decreased as the incidence of atelectasis increased.

In many cases medical societies advise doctors to make biomarker measurements an initial testing strategy especially for patients at low risk of cardiac death.

The primary benefits for the responding patients are reduced numbers of exacerbations, improved lung function, reduced numbers of emergency visits to the doctors, reduced days of hospitalization, and increased quality of life measurements.

Pachymetry using the corneal waveform allows the user to more accurately measure the corneal thickness, have to ability to check the reliability of the measurements that were obtained, have the ability to superimpose corneal waveform to monitor the change of patients cornea over time, and ability to measure structures within the cornea such as micro bubbles created in the cornea during femto-second laser flap cut.

In the example, assuming that blood pressure measurements are similarly variable in future patients, our regression line of y on w ( observed blood pressure ) gives unbiased predictions.