During the Yuan dynasty, Halal methods of slaughtering animals and preparing food was banned and forbidden by the Mongol Emperors, starting with Genghis Khan who banned Muslims and Jews from slaughtering their animals their own way, and making them follow the Mongol method.

During the Middle Ages, Muslims were in conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, Crusades, Reconquista and Ottoman wars in Europe ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Crusades, Reconquista and Inquisition ; Shamans were in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the Mongol invasions ; and Muslims were in conflict with Hindus and Sikhs during Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.

During the Mongol invasion, many natives of Afghanistan fled to India where some established dynasties in Delhi.

During his first crusade in 1248, Louis was approached by envoys from Eljigidei, the Mongol ruler of Armenia and Persia.

During The Mongol invasion of Europe, Tatars under the leadership of Kadan, experienced a major failure in March 1242 at Klis Fortress in southern Croatia.

During his reign, the unsuccessful Mongol invasions of Japan occurred, first in 1274 and again in 1281.

During the Mongol Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ) the capital of China was moved to Beijing, eliminating the need for the canal arm flowing west to Kaifeng or Luoyang.

During World War II, the invading Nazi Germans also recruited Mongol Kalmyks to fight for them against the Soviet Union.

During the Cultural Revolution, the administration of Ulanhu was purged, and a wave of repressions was initiated against the Mongol population of the autonomous region.

During this period, the Mongol troops led by Genghis carried out six rounds of attacks against Western Xia over a period of twenty-two years ( 1202, 1207, 1209 – 10, 1211 – 13, 1214 – 19, 1225 – 26 ).

During the last round of the Mongol attacks, Genghis died in Western Xia.

During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol emperors made Esoteric Buddhism the official religion of China, and Tibetan lamas were given patronage at the court.

During Mongol campaigns against the Jin Dynasty, the Mongols used about 5, 000 trebuchets, and they were very successful in destroying the Jin fortresses.

During the last round of the Mongol attacks, Genghis died in Western Xia.

During the Trần Dynasty, the armies of the Mongol Empire under Mongke Khan and Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty invaded Vietnam in 1257 AD, 1284 AD, and 1288 AD.

During the Mongol rule, in 1334, Hubei was devastated by the world's first recorded outbreak of the Black Death, which spread during the following three centuries to decimate populations throughout Eurasia.

During periods of Mongol influence, the ruling class supplemented their Korean names with Mongolian names.

During the period of Mongol Yuan Dynasty's administrative rule of Tibet, majority of Qinghai belonged to one of the three commandaries of the Tibetan region divided at that time, namely Amdo ( Tibetan: ཨ ༌ མད ོ; Chinese: 安多 ; pinyin: Ānduō ).

During the first Mongol invasion in 1231, Hong Bok-won greeted the Mongol army and turned against Goryeo.

During the Yuan Dynasty, banknotes were adopted by the Mongol Empire.

During the Mongol Yuan dynasty, the official writing system was:

During his first 15 years in China ( 1583 – 1598 ) Matteo Ricci formed a strong suspicion that Marco Polo's " Cathay " is simply the " Tatar " ( i. e., Mongol ) name for the

During the Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 600 BC the Persians first began to use the abacus.

During this persecution many bishops were exiled to the other ends of the Empire, ( e. g., St Hilary of Poitiers to the Eastern provinces ).

During Alexius II's reign, the Byzantine Empire was invaded by King Bela III losing Syrmia and Bosnia to the Kingdom of Hungary in AD 1181, later even Dalmatia was lost to the Venetians.

During his reign, Jerusalem became more closely allied with the Byzantine Empire, and the two states launched an unsuccessful invasion of Egypt.

During the first invasion, Thrace, Macedon and the Aegean Islands were added to the Persian Empire, and Eretria was duly destroyed.

* Mann, Horace, K. The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol III: The Popes During the Carolingian Empire, 858 – 891.

During his reign, Bayezid II consolidated the Ottoman Empire and thwarted a Safavid rebellion soon before abdicating his throne to his son, Selim I.

During the days of the Roman Empire, the settlement of Augusta Raurica was founded 10 or 20 kilometres upstream of present Basel, and a castle was built on the hill overlooking the river where the Basel Münster now stands.

During the Roman Empire, Roman concrete ( or opus caementicium ) was made from quicklime, pozzolana and an aggregate of pumice.

During most of the colonial period, Costa Rica was the southernmost province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which was nominally part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( i. e., Mexico ), but which in practice operated as a largely autonomous entity within the Spanish Empire.

During his reign the Empire conquered Thrace, Noricum, Pamphylia, Lycia and Judaea, and began the conquest of Britain.

During his reign, the Empire annexed the Kingdom of Mauretania and made it into a province.

During the Spanish Empire, approximately 550, 000 Spanish settlers migrated to Latin America.

During the American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), the Union feared that the seceded Confederate States of America ( CSA ) would plan a northerly attack from Canada, which was still owned by the British Empire and remained neutral in the war.

During the Roman Empire, legionaries were issued a pugio ( from the Latin pugnō, or “ fight ”), a double-edged iron thrusting dagger with a blade of 7-12 inches.

During his reign, he also set about creating the Second Mexican Empire ( headed by his choice of Maximilian I of Mexico, a member of the House of Habsburg ), to regain France's hold in the Americas and to achieve greatness for the ' Latin ' race.

During the rule of Henry VIII an Act of Parliament declared that ' this realm of England is an Empire ... governed by one Supreme Head and King having the dignity and royal estate of the imperial Crown of the same '.

During the Siege of Paris in 1871, the North German Confederation, supported by its allies from southern Germany, formed the German Empire with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, to the humiliation of the French, who ceased to resist only days later.

During the history of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek peninsula was occasionally invaded by the foreign peoples like Goths, Avars, Slavs, Normans, Franks and other Romance-speaking peoples who had betrayed the Crusades.

During the last years of the Russian Empire, in the early 20th century, many authors continued to write in the gothic fiction genre, including historian and historical fiction writer Alexander Valentinovich Amfiteatrov, Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev, who developed psychological characterization, symbolist Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov, Alexander Grin, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin.

During its 47 years of existence, the German Empire operated as an industrial, technological and scientific giant, receiving more Nobel Prizes in science than Britain, France, Russia and the United States combined.

During the Thirty Years ' War, George William tried to remain neutral between the Roman Catholic forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Protestant principalities.

During the later years of the Roman Empire, the Germanic peoples of northern Europe grew in strength to rival the Empire itself, and repeated organized attacks led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period, and the start of the middle ages.