Early plate in Italy, and elsewhere in the 13th – 15th century were made of iron.

Oil replaced tempera as the principal medium used for creating artworks during the 15th century in Early Netherlandish painting in northern Europe.

Early in the 15th century, as new mainland territories were expanded, the first standing army was organized, consisting of condottieri on contract.

In European history, the 15th century is seen as the bridge between the Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the Early modern period.

* Jan van Eyck ( before – before 1441 ), Early Netherlandish painter, considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th century.

Early modern maps of Africa from the 15th – 19th centuries, drawn by European cartographers from accounts written by explorers and travellers, reveal some interesting information about Biafra:

Late Middle English and the transition to Early Modern English takes place from the early 15th century and is taken to have been complete by the beginning of the Tudor period in 1485.

Originally an Early English building ( 13th century ), it was much altered in the Perpendicular period ( 15th century ).

In the Early Medieval period the text and illumination were often done by the same people, normally monks, but by the High Middle Ages the roles were typically separated, except for routine initials and flourishes, and by at least the 14th century there were secular workshops producing manuscripts, and by the beginning of the 15th century these were producing most of the best work, and were commissioned even by monasteries.

The Lady Chapel and Bishop Robert's Chapel were added in the 13th Century in the Early English style, and in the 15th century, the choir section was rebuilt in the Perpendicular style, including the fan-vaulting Sherborne is still famous for, the remodelling by William Smyth, under Abbot John Brunyng ( 1415 – 1436 ).

Early modern Europe is the term used by historians to refer to a period in the history of Europe ( especially Western Europe and Central Europe ) which spanned the centuries between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century.

The effects of these assumptions of European superiority increased during the period of European imperialism, which started slowly in the 15th century, accelerated by the Scientific Revolution, the Commercial Revolution and the rise of colonial empires in the " Great Divergence " of the Early Modern period, and reached its zenith in the 18th to 19th century with the Industrial Revolution and a Second European colonization wave.

Early variations of the name included " Solengen ", " Solungen ", and " Soleggen ", although the modern name seems to have been in use since the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

Early in the 15th century the flanged end of the mace ( the head of the war mace ) was carried uppermost, with the small button bearing the royal arms in the base.

His reputation was slowly rebuilt during the following 200 years ; today he is known, with Robert Campin and van Eyck, as the third ( by birth date ) of the three great Early Flemish artists (' Vlaamse Primitieven '), and widely as the most influential Northern painter of the 15th century.

Specializing in 15th century and Early Tudor history, he among other tasks edited the Letters and Papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII series.

In 1998 ProQuest announced the " Digital Vault Initiative ", purported to include 5. 5 billion images digitized from UMI microfilm, including some of the best existing copies of major newspapers dating back 100 to 150 years, and Early English books dating back to the 15th century.

Early in the 15th century, plate armour, including the cuirass, began to be worn without any surcoat ; but in the concluding quarter of the century the short surcoat, with full short sleeves, known as the tabard, was in general use over the armour.

Early in the 15th century the ideas of Humanism in Croatia brought about changes to the world of music.

Sebastian, like Saint George, was one of a class of military martyrs and soldier saints of the Early Christian Church whose cults originated in the 4th century and culminated at the end of the Middle Ages, in the 14th and 15th centuries both in the East and the West.

* Witch trials in Early Modern Europe, 15th – 18th centuries

In Early Modern times, since the 15th century, the title has been a political one, granted by popes to men who have led military campaigns to defend Christianity.

Landsknechte ( German plural, singular Landsknecht ) were European, predominantly German mercenary pikemen and supporting foot soldiers from the late 15th to the late 16th century, and achieved the reputation for being the universal mercenary of Early modern Europe.

15th century Early Dutch painting had developed highly illusionistic techniques in both panel painting and illuminated manuscripts, where the borders often featured elaborate displays of flowers, insects and, in a work like the Hours of Catherine of Cleves, a great variety of objects.

Early in the present century, W. H. Stevenson continued the attack with a savage article against Guest.

Early in the nineteenth century the State of New Hampshire was casting about for a way to found its own state university.

Early 19th century.

The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.

Early in the twentieth century psychologist Carl Jung developed some concepts concerning astrology, which led to the development of psychological astrology.

File: KofunCuirass. jpg | Early Japanese armour, iron helmet and cuirass with gilt bronze decoration, Kofun period, 5th century.

File: Qian_Xuan_-_Early_Autumn. jpg | Early Autumn, Qian Xuan, 13th century, depiction of decaying lotus leaves and dragonflies hovering over stagnant water

), Early 13th century.

The basis of western astronomy as taught during Late Antiquity and until the Early Modern period is the Almagest by Ptolemy, written in the 2nd century.

Early in the 19th century, Baguirmi fell into decay and was threatened militarily by the nearby kingdom of Ouaddai.

Early in the 17th century, groups in the region rallied to Abd al-Karim, who overthrew the ruling Tunjur group, transforming Ouaddai in an Islamic sultanate.

Early nineteenth century rendition of Capricornus as a sea-goat.

Early 20th century American preacher Billy Sunday epitomizes the Evangelical focus on " going to heaven " in his sermon “ Heaven: A Wonderful Place ; Where There is No More Death ; Blessed Hope of the Christian .” In the message Sunday characteristically explained the feelings of his audience by saying “ Everybody wants to go to Heaven.

Early speculations into the nature of the chemical bond, from as early as the 12th century, supposed that certain types of chemical species were joined by a type of chemical affinity.

The significant Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cycladic culture is best known for its schematic flat idols carved out of the islands ' pure white marble centuries before the great Middle Bronze Age (" Minoan ") culture arose in Crete, to the south: these figures have been looted from burials to satisfy a thriving Cycladic antiquities market since the early 20th century.

Early in the 20th century, Columbus also was home to a number of pioneering car manufacturers, including Reeves, which produced the unusual four-axle Octoauto and the twin rear axle Sextoauto, both around 1911.

Crannogs were used as dwellings over five millennia from the European Neolithic Period, to as late as the 17th / early 18th century although in Scotland, convincing evidence for Early and Middle Bronze Age or Norse Period use is not currently present in the archaeological record.

Although recognized previously by others, the mathematical expression for the Coriolis force appeared in an 1835 paper by French scientist Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, in connection with the theory of water wheels, Early in the 20th century, the term Coriolis force began to be used in connection with meteorology.

Early in the 20th century, the notion that belief had to be justified as such to count as knowledge lost favour.

Early in the 11th century Sigmund or Sigmundur Brestisson, whose family had flourished in the southern islands but had been almost exterminated by invaders from the northern, was sent from Norway, whither he had escaped, to take possession of the islands for Olaf Tryggvason, king of Norway.

Indeed, at the end of the 19th century scholar Ernest DeWitt Burton wrote that there could be " no reasonable doubt " that 1 John and the gospel were written by the same author, and Amos Wilder has said that, " Early Christian tradition and the great majority of modern scholars have agreed on the common authorship of these writings, even where the author has not been identified with the apostle John.

* 17th century – Early Quakers, such as Edward Burrough, make mention of tongues speaking in their meetings: " We spoke with new tongues, as the Lord gave us utterance, and His Spirit led us ".

The Old High German period is reckoned to run until about the mid-11th century, though the boundary to Early Middle High German ( second half of the 11th century ) is not clear-cut.