Even in the neighborhood of the Earth, where information has been obtained both directly and indirectly, the derived flux values vary by at least four orders of magnitude.

* Cal-Earth ( The California Institute of Earth Art and Architecture ) has developed a patented system called Superadobe, in which bags filled with stabilized earth are layered with strands of barbed wire to form a structure strong enough to withstand earthquakes, fire and flood.

* Earth Architecture and Conservation in East Anglia-British organisation that focuses on the proper maintenance and conservation of earth buildings in a region of the UK that has a long history of building with mud.

Recently however, funding of projects such as the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research and Near Earth Asteroid Tracking projects has meant that most comets are now discovered by automated systems, long before it is possible for amateurs to see them.

For example, the full moon has an angular diameter of approximately 0. 5 °, when viewed from Earth.

In this view, human evolution has accompanied the Earth's evolution throughout the existence of the Earth.

Alioth has a relatively weak magnetic field, 15 times weaker than α CVn, but it is still 100 times stronger than that of the Earth.

Although it has been known for a while that the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara flow into each other in an example of a density flow, findings of a study by the University of Leeds in August 2010 reveal that there is in fact an underwater channel of high density water flowing across the floor of the Bosphorus ( caused by the difference in density of the two seas ), which would be the sixth largest river on Earth if it were to be on land.

His works were so influential that late in the 9th century Notker the Stammerer, a monk of the Monastery of St. Gall in Switzerland, wrote that " God, the orderer of natures, who raised the Sun from the East on the fourth day of Creation, in the sixth day of the world has made Bede rise from the West as a new Sun to illuminate the whole Earth ".

The contents are correspondingly varied: a confession of sin and a plea to God not to maintain his anger forever ( ch. 63: 7 – 64: 11 ); a poem on the theme that God has no need of a temple because Heaven is his throne and Earth his footstool ( Isaiah 66: 1 – 2 ); verses setting out conditions for admission to the community ; complaints of sin, incompetence and paganism ; and distinctions between the " righteous " and the " sinners ", foreshadowing the categories used in much later Judaism and early Christianity.

The theory asserts that all currently living organisms on Earth share a common genetic heritage with each being the descendant from a single original species, though the suggestion of substantial horizontal gene transfer during early evolution has led to questions about monophyly of life.

Carbon generally has low toxicity to almost all life on Earth ; however, to some creatures it can still be toxic – for instance, carbon nanoparticles are a deadly toxins to Drosophila.

Aluminum is also far more common in the Earth and Earth's crust than the universe and solar system, but the composition of Earth's mantle ( which has more magnesium and iron in place of aluminum ) more closely mirrors that of the universe, save for the noted loss of volatile elements.

However, even Walter Alvarez has acknowledged that there were other major changes on Earth even before the impact, such as a drop in sea level and massive volcanic eruptions that produced the Indian Deccan Traps, and these may have contributed to the extinctions.

Charles has played this role in all eight series, until 1999, and in the 2009 three-part special, Red Dwarf: Back to Earth, for channel Dave.

Earth has undergone periodic climate shifts in the past, including four major ice ages.

This led Mantovani to propose an Expanding Earth theory which has since been shown to be incorrect.

The choice does affect their starting position on the " Play on Earth " map, and thus different resources in one's initial cities, but has no effect on starting position when starting a random world game or a customized world game.

The open cluster NGC 4755, better known as the Jewel Box or Kappa Crucis Cluster, has an overall magnitude of 4. 2 — to the naked eye it appears to be a fuzzy star — and is about 7600 light-years from Earth.

It has an overall magnitude of 11. 7 and is located 11, 000 light-years from Earth.

Traditionally called Rigil Kentaurus or Toliman, meaning " foot of the centaur ", the system has an overall magnitude of-0. 28 and is 4. 4 light-years from Earth.

R Centaurus is a Mira variable star with a minimum magnitude of 11. 8 and a maximum magnitude of 5. 3 ; it is 2100 light-years from Earth and has a period of 18 months.

NGC 5460 is another naked-eye open cluster, 2500 light-years from Earth, that has an overall magnitude of 6 and contains approximately 40 stars.

It has an overall magnitude of 8. 0 and a central star of magnitude 11. 0 ; it is 2600 light-years from Earth.

Since that time, the rate of crater production on Earth has been considerably lower, but it is appreciable nonetheless ; Earth experiences from one to three impacts large enough to produce a 20 km diameter crater about once every million years on average.

The first two seasons of Star Trek: Enterprise depict the exploration of interstellar space by the crew of an Earth ship able to go farther and faster into outer space than any humans had previously gone, due to the breaking of the Warp 5 barrier that made interstellar travel feasible, analogous to the Bell X-1 breaking the sound barrier.

Mars may have gone through similar geological and hydrological processes as Earth and therefore might contain valuable mineral ores.

By this date the Earth sensor brightness indication had essentially gone to zero, however, this time telemetry data indicated the Earth-brightness measurement had increased to the nominal value for that point in the trajectory.

Over the last 3. 6 billion years, nature has gone through a process of trial and error to refine the living organisms, processes, and materials on planet Earth.

Because the Earth orbits the Sun once a year, the sidereal time at any one place at midnight will be about four minutes later each night, until, after a year has passed, one additional sidereal day has elapsed compared to the number of solar days that have gone by.

While he has been gone for several years, it appears only a few months have passed on Earth.

Blade Runner shows us how human replicas were able to live on Earth, portraying technology gone wrong in " replicants " unhappy with their man-made limitations which demand they be " modified ".

It presents an Earth where the oceans have gone dry and humans are hunter-gatherer bands.

The ultimate fate of Earth, and those that were left behind, is unknown, with some thinking it may well be gone forever.

Earth is seemingly gone ; it has been erased from starmaps and renamed " Lost Jerusalem ".

Century Media was founded by Robert Kampf in Dortmund, Germany in 1988 and has gone on to launch the careers of bands such as Divine Heresy, Eyehategod, Nevermore, Moonspell, Diecast, Suicide Silence, Winds of Plague, Iced Earth, God Forbid, Lacuna Coil, In This Moment, Architects, Warbringer, and Shadows Fall.

How much longer appears to be arbitrary — for example, in The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, Lucy's first visit to Narnia lasts hours and the four children's main adventure there lasts several years ; but each time, they are gone from Earth for at most a few seconds.

" Taipa " is also what the Portuguese call the clay-mud, rammed into moulds, used to build mud houses in Portugal in times gone by, in recent times referred to as Rammed Earth.

Bracegirdle has also gone by the name " Rebel Transcanner " to produce a remix of Tomski's " 14 Hours to Save the Earth.

Ken Keeler, the writer of the episode, considered this joke one of the most blasphemous lines in the show, because it suggested that the Second Coming had been and gone and life on Earth had carried on much as before.

With the Invid gone, the REF expects that their next challenge will be rebuilding Earth, which has been devastated by the 13-year Invid occupation.

This explains where the Ice Warrior beamed to Earth has gone, and the Doctor tracks him down to the weather control system, where the alien has been stationed to prevent any rain fall that would be deadly to the pods.

The retreat of the Invid ended the Third Robotech War, though it also marked the start of the Shadow Chronicles, the fourth Robotech war between the REF and their former allies, the Haydonites who betrayed and manipulated the REF during the war with the Invid and whom now, with the Invid gone, launch their own attack to destroy the REF and Earth.

With the Invid gone, the REF expects that their next challenge will be rebuilding Earth, which has been devastated by the 13-year Invid occupation.

Teal ' c became more accustomed to life on Earth, developed a taste for doughnuts and has gone on fishing trips with O ' Neill, though he is puzzled as to why O ' Neill fishes in a lake known to be devoid of fish.

They discover that the Earth has been gone for half a million years and that the Challenger left Earth over one million years ago.

By this time, the Earth is so old that the oceans have gone and humanity has all but left.

When the reason for the strong emotion binding the spirit to Earth is gone, the yūrei is satisfied and can move on.