Many Near Eastern religions include a story about a battle between a divine being and a dragon or other monster representing chaos — a theme found, for example, in the Enuma Elish.

The religion of the Israelites of Iron Age I, like many Ancient Near Eastern religions, was based on the cult of the ancestors and the worship of family gods ( the " gods of the fathers ").

The history of Eastern painting includes a vast range of influences from various cultures and religions.

Müller made the term central to his criticism of Western theological and religious exceptionalism ( relative to Eastern religions ), focusing on a cultural dogma which held " monotheism " to be both fundamentally well-defined and inherently superior to differing conceptions of God.

These religions are also classified as Eastern religions.

Many religions popular in ethnic regions of the Soviet Union, including the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Catholic Churches, Baptists, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism underwent ordeals similar to that which the Orthodox churches in other parts of the country suffered: thousands of monks were persecuted, and hundreds of churches, synagogues, mosques, temples, sacred monuments, monasteries and other religious buildings were razed.

This fundamental characteristic of Christianity ( when compared to Far Eastern religions ) stems originally from ancient Jewish prophecy.

At the same time, some ethnic nationalist groups began to adopt pagan religions during the 20th century, leading to the rise of forms of Heathenry and Slavic neopaganism, which were centered primarily in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.

The third figure was the Russian Helena Blavatsky ( 1831 – 1891 ), one of the founders of the Theosophical Society, through which she propagated her religious movement of Theosophy, which itself combined a number of elements from Eastern religions like Hinduism and Buddhism with Western elements.

In a wider sense, extended to contemporary religions, it includes most of the Eastern religions and the indigenous traditions of the Americas, Central Asia, Australia and Africa ; as well as non-Abrahamic folk religion in general.

However, a significant majority of Stevenson's reported cases of reincarnation originated in Eastern societies, where dominant religions often permit the concept of reincarnation.

England had close links with India at the time when Wicca first became public in England, so this usage could well have been familiar to English speakers with a knowledge of Far Eastern religions.

In both Eastern and Western religions salvation is also the phenomenon of being saved from death but here is not meant biological death but the suffering and degradation within life resulting from the consequences of sin.

Eastern religions such as Buddhism were becoming more accessible in Berlin during the era, as Indian and East Asian musicians, dancers, and even visiting monks came to Europe.

Eastern religions were touched on as well, with little regard to accurate time-and-place concerns.

The name of the satrapy was changed to Asuristan ( Assyria ) in the Sassanid period, which began in 226 AD, and by this time Eastern Rite Christianity ( which emerged in the 1st century AD ) had become the dominant religion among the native populace, who had never adopted the Zoroastrian or Hellenic religions of their rulers.

The capital Sofia is the only European city that has peacefully functioning, within less than 100 meters, four Place of worship of the major religions: 1 ) Eastern Orthodox-St Nedelya Church, 2 ) Islam-Banya Bashi Mosque, 3 ) Roman Catholicism-Cathedral of St Joseph, Sofia and 4 ) Orthodox Judaism-Sofia Synagogue, the third largest synagogue in Europe.

It is a doctrine popular among a number of Eastern religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Druzism wherein an individual incarnates from one body to another, either human, animal, or plant.

With many ethnic foreigners traveling to China to conduct trade or live permanently, there came many foreign religions ; religious minorities in China included Middle Eastern Muslims, the Kaifeng Jews, and Persian Manichaeans.

Some Beat writers, such as Alan Watts, began to delve into Eastern religions such as Buddhism or Taoism.

These religions are mainly based in the west, the United States and Europe, the surviving remnants of the actual Mesopotamians have shown no interest in these practices, preferring to follow various ancient Eastern Rite Christian denominations.

Many traditions of Eastern religions ( Buddhism and Jainism ) embrace the doctrine of ahimsa ( non-violence ) which imposes vegetarianism and outlaws animal as well as human sacrifice.

Human sacrifice, in the context of religious ritual, still occurs in other traditional religions, for example in muti killings in Eastern Africa.

At Yalta he thought more about the six million Germans who would have to leave, trying to find work in Germany, and Roosevelt objected to the Western Neisse River being chosen in the south, instead of the Eastern Neisse, both of which flow into the Oder.

A few newer homes have Western flush toilets, but even with running water, they are usually Eastern style.

There is no agreement on when and where this Urheimat existed, though the language is generally believed to have originated somewhere in or near the region stretching from the Levant / Near East to the area between the Eastern Sahara and the Horn of Africa, including Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan.

Some Eastern Orthodox Churches have issued statements to the effect that Anglican orders could be accepted, yet have still reordained former Anglican clergy ; other Orthodox churches have rejected Anglican orders altogether.

Alphonse might have met Eastern Roman Emperor Manuel I Comnenus during his visit there.

The Eastern Orthodox generally recognize Roman Catholic orders, but have a different concept of the apostolic succession as it exists outside of Eastern Orthodoxy.

The Western suffix-e is from the Classical singular and the Eastern suffix-its is from the Classical plural ; both have been generalized for singular and plural in the dialects that use them.

Liturgical rites of the Catholic Church, both Western and Eastern, other than the Roman, have a variety of other forms for celebrating the sacrament.

Although it is commonly believed that assassins were under the influence of hashish during their killings or during their indoctrination, there is debate as to whether these claims have merit, with many Eastern writers and an increasing number of western academics coming to believe that drug-taking was not the key feature behind the name.

The eastern parts of Berlin have many Plattenbauten, reminders of Eastern Bloc ambitions to create complete residential areas that had fixed ratios of shops, kindergartens and schools to the number of inhabitants.

Eastern tribes have a completely different beadwork aesthetic, and Innu, Mi ' kmaq, Penobscot, and Haudenosaunee tribes are known for symmetrical scroll motifs in white beads, called the " double curve.

The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches may have minor differences in their lists of accepted books.

Conversely, the existence of Bletchley Park, and of the decrypting achievements there, was never officially shared with the Soviet Union, whose war effort would have greatly benefited from regular decrypting of German messages relating to the Eastern Front.

While most patriarchs in the Eastern Catholic Churches have jurisdiction over a " ritual church " ( a group or diocese of a particular Eastern tradition ), all Latin Rite patriarchs, except for the Pope, have only honorary titles.

This rule obtains in most Eastern dialects, although some have " ya ", or a special " open e " sound, in all positions.

However, it has not incorporated the general Eastern umlaut of all synchronic or even historic " ya " sounds into " e " before front vowels – e. g. поляна ( polyana ) vs полени ( poleni ) " meadow – meadows " or even жаба ( zhaba ) vs жеби ( zhebi ) " frog – frogs ", even though it co-occurs with the yat alternation in almost all Eastern dialects that have it ( except a few dialects along the yat border, e. g. in the Pleven region ).

They have been used for over 90 years as an alternative to antibiotics in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, as well as in France.

The Council of Nicaea did not end the controversy, as many bishops of the Eastern provinces disputed the homoousios, the central term of the Nicene creed, as it had been used by Paul of Samosata, who had advocated a monarchianist Christology.

Octavian made another bold move in 44 BC when without official permission he appropriated the annual tribute that had been sent from Rome's Near Eastern province

In the 20th century, there has been more contact between Protestants and Christians from Eastern traditions which claim apostolic succession for their ministry.

Some Protestants feel that such claims of apostolic succession are proven false by the differences in traditions and doctrines between these churches: Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider both the Church of the East and the Oriental Orthodox churches to be heretical, having been anathematized in the early ecumenical councils of Ephesus ( 431 ) and Chalcedon ( 451 ) respectively.

However, it has been strongly argued that this was a point made out of mis-translation, as pointed out by Amin Malouf, and that the origin of the term in Middle Eastern culture comes from phrase Asasiyun, meaning those who follow the Asas ; believers in the foundation of faith.

Much of the work of Eastern mathematicians in this area has been forgotten.

* In April 2004, Beverly Hughes was forced to resign as minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Counter Terrorism when it was shown that she had been informed of procedural improprieties concerning the granting of visas to certain categories of workers from Eastern Europe.

Some Christians, such as Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, also have traditions of fasting, in which saints, as well as Jesus, are claimed to have been able to go for a period of time ( without any food, or with no food but the Eucharist ).

More recently, although Russia and Eastern Europe remain the most important investment destinations, there have been increasing investment flows from the West through Cyprus into Asia ( particularly China and India ), South America and the Middle East.

In 1965 Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals would also be part of the episcopal order, ranked after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees ( who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier ).

However, according to Justinus, 38. 3. 6, more than a decade later, at some time in 90-88 BCE, Mithridates the Great sent ambassadors to the Cimbri to request military aid ; judging from the context they must have been living in North Eastern Europe at the time.

Over the last 30 years, however, the miaphysite position has been accepted as a mere restatement of orthodox belief by Patriarch Bartholomew I of the Eastern Orthodox Church and by Pope John Paul II of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Council is considered by the Roman Catholics, Eastern Catholic Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Old Catholics, and various other Western Christian groups to have been the Fourth Ecumenical Council.

According to a tradition preserved in Eastern Christian folklore, Golgotha was the summit of the cosmic mountain at the center of the world and the location where Adam had been both created and buried.

By 1991 the communist governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania, all of which had been imposed after World War II, were brought down as revolution swept Eastern Europe.

The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodox family of churches, which has been a distinct church body since the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, when it took a different position over Christological theology from that of the Eastern Orthodox Church ( not to be confused with the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria ).

The Tome of Leo has been widely criticized ( surprisingly by Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox scholars ) in the past 50 years as a much less than perfect orthodox theological doctrine.

Since the 1980s theologians from the Oriental ( non-Chalcedonian ) Orthodox and Eastern ( Chalcedonian ) Orthodox churches have been meeting in a bid to resolve theological differences, and have concluded that many of the differences are caused by the two groups using different terminology to describe the same thing ( see Agreed Official Statements on Christology with the Eastern Orthodox Churches ).

This word has often been employed as an epithet in Eastern European legends ( Sabya Damaskinya or Sablja Dimiskija meaning " Damascene saber "), including the Serbian and Bulgarian legends of Prince Marko, a historical figure of the late 14th century in what is currently the Republic of Macedonia.

The Eastern Orthodox Church's position has been summarised as follows:

The Oriental and Eastern Churches have also been working toward reconciliation as a consequence of the ecumenical movement.