A construction management study ( testing ) carried out by the firm Daniel, Mann, Johnson, & Mendenhall in association with Mark Lehner and other Egyptologists, estimates that the total project required an average workforce of 14, 567 people and a peak workforce of 40, 000.

In fact, until Paul Barguet's 1967 " pioneering study " of common themes between texts, Egyptologists concluded there was no internal structure at all.

The problem with a close study of Manetho, despite the reliance of Egyptologists on him for their reconstructions of the Egyptian dynasties, is that not only was Aegyptiaca not preserved as a whole, it also became involved in a bitter battle between advocates of Egyptian, Jewish, and Greek histories in the form of supporting polemics.

and his predecessor from their agents in Palestine, leads some Egyptologists to conclude that in the century before the Exodus an active literary intercourse was carried on between these nations, and that the medium of the correspondence was the Babylonian language and script.

Because of theological statements like this, many past Egyptologists, such as Siegfried Morenz, believed that beneath the polytheistic traditions of Egyptian religion there was an increasing belief in a unity of the divine, moving toward monotheism.

Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu ( Cheops in Greek ) over a 10 to 20-year period concluding around 2560 BC.

De Gébelin wrote this treatise before Jean-François Champollion had deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphs, or indeed before the Rosetta Stone had been discovered, and later Egyptologists found nothing in the Egyptian language to support de Gébelin's fanciful etymologies.

She is generally regarded by Egyptologists as one of the most successful pharaohs, reigning longer than any other woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty.

The possible reasons for her breasts not being emphasized in the most formal statues were debated among some early Egyptologists, who failed to understand the ritual religious symbolism, to take into account the fact that many women and goddesses portrayed in ancient Egyptian art often lack delineation of breasts, and that the physical aspect of the gender of pharaohs was never stressed in the art.

However, many write " Djehuty ", inserting the letter ' e ' automatically between consonants in Egyptian words, and writing ' w ' as ' u ', as a convention of convenience for English speakers, not the transliteration employed by Egyptologists.

Egyptologists disagree on Thoth's nature depending upon their view of the Egyptian pantheon.

Most Egyptologists today side with Sir Flinders Petrie that Egyptian religion was strictly polytheistic, in which Thoth would be a separate god.

Some current historians tend to believe Herodotus ' account, primarily because he stated with disbelief that the Phoenicians " as they sailed on a westerly course round the southern end of Libya ( Africa ), they had the sun on their right-to northward of them " ( The Histories 4. 42 ) -- in Herodotus ' time it was not known that Africa extended south past the equator ; however, Egyptologists also point out that it would have been extremely unusual for an Egyptian Pharaoh to carry out such an expedition.

Later, in the Ptolemaic period of Egyptian history, chambers were constructed, painted with images of Bes and his wife Beset, thought by Egyptologists to have been for the purpose of curing fertility problems or general healing rituals.

In Egyptian mythology, Sopdet was the deification of Sothis, a star considered by almost all Egyptologists to be Sirius.

A tablet from the reign of First Dynasty King Djer ( c. 3000 BC ) was conjectured by early Egyptologists to indicate that the Egyptians had already established a link between the heliacal rising of Sirius ( Egyptian Sopdet, Greek Σείριος Seirios ) and the beginning of the year.

Category: Egyptian Egyptologists

Upon examination by professional Mormon and non-Mormon Egyptologists, the papyri were found to bear no resemblance to Joseph Smith's interpretation, and were common Egyptian funerary texts, dating to about the first century BC.

Several Egyptologists, including Theodule Deveria, Klaus Baer, Richard A. Parker, and Dr. Albert Lythgoe noted that portions of Facsimile 1 appeared to be incorrect, based on comparison with other similar Egyptian vignettes, and suspected that they had been reconstructed from lacunae ( gaps ) in the original papyri.

The Egyptologists Richard Lewis Jasnow and Karl-Theodor Zauzich have dubbed a long Egyptian text from the Ptolemaic period " the Book of Thoth ".

This dynasty was succeeded by a group of Hyksos princes and chieftains, who ruled in the eastern delta region with their local Egyptian vassals and are known primarily by scarabs inscribed with their names and the period of their reign is called the sixteenth dynasty by modern Egyptologists.

In the very early years after the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, on chronological, historical, and linguistic grounds, nearly all Egyptologists identified Shishak with Sheshonk I.

He claimed that Rosemary's speech substantially and consistently conformed to what Egyptologists know today of the ancient Egyptian tongue.

Modern Egyptologists have made an analysis of the facsimile, a copy of the extant original vignette from the Kirtland Egyptian Papers, and with fragments of the papyrus of the type from which the Book of Abraham was translated.

He is also a member of the following: Council of the International Union of Egyptologists ; Scientific Committee of the International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East ; Visiting Committee of the Egyptian Department of the Metropolitan Museum of New York.

The second historically documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser.

Different forms of Horus are recorded in history and these are treated as distinct gods by Egyptologists.

Today Egyptologists generally agree that Hatshepsut assumed the position of pharaoh and the length of her reign usually is given as twenty-two years, since she was assigned a reign of twenty-one years and nine months by the third-century BCE historian, Manetho, who had access to many historical records that now are lost.

However, Dominic Montserrat in Akhenaten: History, Fantasy and Ancient Egypt argues that " there is now a broad consensus among Egyptologists that the exaggerated forms of Akhenaten's physical portrayal ... are not to be read literally ".

There are also some signs that are unique to hieratic, though Egyptologists have invented equivalent hieroglyphic forms for hieroglyphic transcriptions and typesetting.

While Manetho names Necherophes and the Turin King List names Nebka as the first ruler of the Third dynasty, many Egyptologists now believe Djoser was first king of this dynasty, pointing out that the order in which some predecessors of Khufu are mentioned in the Papyrus Westcar suggests Nebka should be placed between Djoser and Huni, not before Djoser.

The origin and identity of the Sphinx are the subject of many fringe theories that are not generally accepted by mainstream Egyptologists or are unsupported by scientific evidence.

Most Egyptologists accept Shishaq as an alternative name for Shoshenq I. Rohl disputes that Shoshenq's military activity fits the biblical account of Shishaq on the grounds that the two kings ' campaigns are completely different and Jerusalem does not appear in the Shoshenq inscription as a subjected town.

Because of its context, modern Egyptologists regard the image as a game using pots or cups but details of the game are unknown.

According to Egyptologists, facsimile No. 1 and Facsimile No. 3 are part of the Scroll of Hor, which contained Joseph Smith Papyrus I, X and XI.

Mormon apologists allege that the statements by these Egyptologists are speculation and that Joseph Smith's reconstruction was either correct, were filled in to make the images more aesthetically pleasing, or inconsequential to the original interpretation.

The two types are so similar that modern Egyptologists have had trouble telling the two apart.

The names " Netjerbau " and " Bau-hetepju " are problematic, since Egyptologists can't find any name source from Hotepsekhemwy's time that could have been used to form them.

Egyptologists such as Wolfgang Helck and Peter Munro are not convinced and think that Gallery Tomb B is instead the burial site of king Raneb, as several seal impressions of this ruler were also found there.

Setnakhte's origins are unknown, and he may have been a commoner, although many Egyptologists believe he was related to the previous dynasty, the Nineteenth, through his mother and may thus have been a grandson of Ramesses II.

His arguments are controversial today among mainstream Egyptologists and contradictory to the thrust of mainstream anthropological and archaeological understanding.

Some are serious enough to be considered problematic ( for example ; 1. none of the astronomical observations have dates that mention the specific pharaoh in whose reign they were observed, forcing Egyptologists supply that information on the basis of a certain amount of informed speculation, 2. there is no information regarding the nature of the civil calendar throughout the course of Egyptian history, forcing Egyptologists to assume that it existed unchanged for thousands of years ), other criticisms are not considered as problematic ( for example ; there is no extant mention of the Sothic cycle in ancient Egyptian writing, which may simply be a result of it either being so obvious to Egyptians that it didn't merit mention or to relevant texts being destroyed over time or still awaiting discovery ).

Some might even argue that there are as many systems of transliteration as there are Egyptologists.