* 268, Battle of Lake Benacus — Romans under Emperor Claudius II defeat the Alemanni.

She was the second granddaughter of the Emperor Augustus, sister-in-law, stepdaughter and daughter-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, mother of the Emperor Caligula, maternal second cousin and sister-in-law of the Emperor Claudius and the maternal grandmother of the Emperor Nero.

She was a great-granddaughter of the Emperor Augustus, great-niece and adoptive granddaughter of the Emperor Tiberius, sister of the Emperor Caligula, niece and fourth wife of the Emperor Claudius, and mother of the Emperor Nero.

Many ancient historians accuse Agrippina of poisoning Emperor Claudius, though accounts vary.

Germanicus had two younger siblings ; a sister, named Livilla, and a brother, the future Emperor Claudius.

Agrippina's paternal uncle, Claudius, brother of her father Germanicus, became the new Roman Emperor.

* Grimm-Samuel, V On the Mushroom That Deified the Emperor Claudius The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol.

* Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus ( consul 16 BC ), only child of the above Gnaeus Domitius and Aemilia Lepida, paternal grandfather of the Emperor Nero, maternal grandfather of Valeria Messalina ( third wife of the emperor Claudius )

He was the only child of Agrippina the Younger through her first marriage to Domitius, and through her, he was great-great grandson of the Emperor Augustus, great-grandnephew and adoptive great-grandson of the Emperor Tiberius, nephew of the Emperor Caligula, as well as great-nephew and stepson of the Emperor Claudius.

* 355 – Claudius Silvanus, accused of treason, proclaims himself Roman Emperor against Constantius II.

From Emperor Claudius ( reigned AD 41 – 54 ) onwards, Varro's calculation ( see below ) superseded other contemporary calculations.

They destroyed Camulodunum ( modern Colchester ), earlier the capital of the Trinovantes, but then a colonia ( a settlement for discharged Roman soldiers ) and the site of a temple to the former Emperor Claudius, which was built and maintained at local expense.

Claudius ( Latin: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54 ) was Roman Emperor from 41 to 54.

* 313 – Battle of Tzirallum: Emperor Licinius defeats Maximinus II and unifies the Eastern Roman Empire.

* 1806 – Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates ending the Holy Roman Empire.

Constantine's son Constantius II, who had become Emperor of the eastern part of the Empire, actually encouraged the Arians and set out to reverse the Nicene creed.

In 355 Constantius became the sole Emperor and extended his pro-Arian policy toward the western provinces, frequently using force to push through his creed, even exiling Pope Liberius and installing Antipope Felix II.

* 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Eastern Roman Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade.

* 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt.

Although the western Emperor Gratian held orthodox belief in the Nicene creed, the younger Valentinian II, who became his colleague in the Empire, adhered to the Arian creed.

* 1945 – Japan accepts the Allied terms of surrender in World War II and the Emperor records the Imperial Rescript on Surrender ( August 15 in Japan Standard Time ).

* 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria

He then followed the fortunes of his friend Elector Maurice of Saxony, deserted Charles, and joined the league which proposed to overthrow the Emperor by an alliance with King Henry II of France.

Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov was born on 10 March 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russia, the second son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his wife Maria Alexandrovna ( Marie of Hesse ).

* Alexander II of Russia ( 1818 – 1881 ), Emperor of Russia

Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () ( 10 September 1169 – 24 September 1183, Constantinople ), Byzantine emperor ( 1180 – 1183 ), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch.

* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.

On the way home, he negotiated with King Levon I of Armenia, the Emperor Theodore I Laskaris of Nicaea and Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria and arranged several marriage contracts between his children and the courts he visited.

Andrew's first mission to the East was when he was asked by the French king Louis IX to go and fetch the Crown of Thorns which had been sold to him by the Latin Emperor of Constantinople Baldwin II in 1238, who was anxious to obtain support for his tottering empire.

In 1180 the Emperor Manuel died and was succeeded by his ten year old son Alexios II, who was under the guardianship of his mother, Empress Maria.

A bust of Emperor Constantius II from Syria. Ammianus was born between 325 and 330 in the Greek-speaking East, possibly at Antioch on the Orontes.

* Alexius II of Trebizond, Emperor of Trebizond

Eudoxia gave to Arcadius four children: three daughters, Pulcheria, Arcadia and Marina, and one son, Theodosius, the future Emperor Theodosius II.

* 1804 – Francis II assumes the title of first Emperor of Austria.

Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

The Emperor Valens, however, revived Constantius ' policy and supported the " Homoian " party, exiling bishops and often using force.

The imperial court was displeased with the religious principles of Ambrose, however his aid was soon solicited by the Emperor.

It was too late, however, for the new Emperor to make much of a difference.

Shortly thereafter, however, Constantine's son, the new Roman Emperor Constantius II, renewed the order for Athanasius ' banishment in 338.

The premiere could not be arranged in time, however, so the opera The Marriage of Figaro was substituted on the express orders of the bride's uncle, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II.

According to the work De Administrando Imperio written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, the Croats had arrived in what is today Croatia in the early 7th century, however that claim is disputed and competing hypotheses date the event between the 6th and the 9th centuries.

In former times, it was customary to have a portrait in Confucius Temples ; however, during the reign of Hongwu Emperor ( Taizu ) of the Ming dynasty it was decided that the only proper portrait of Confucius should be in the temple in his hometown, Qufu.

After he became Emperor, Caligula claimed to have planned to kill Tiberius with a dagger in order to avenge his mother and brother: however, having brought the weapon into Tiberius's bedroom he did not kill the Emperor but instead threw the dagger down on the floor.

The time when Cyril was Bishop of Jerusalem was one of general tolerance, however, as set forth by the ecumenist Emperor Constantius who was preoccupied with unity.

The Inca forces greatly out numbered the Spanish, however the Spanish superiority of weapons, tactics and the fact that the most trusted in Inca Generals were in Cusco led to an easy defeat and the capture of the Incan Emperor.

In eastern Europe, the French army was at times hindered by Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine Emperor, who feared that it would jeopardize the tenuous safety of his empire ; however, during their 3-week stay at Constantinople, Louis was fêted and Eleanor was much admired.

He did, however, recognize his father, D. João VI, as Titular Emperor of Brazil — a purely honorific title — until D. João VI's death in 1826.

Soon after his enthronement, Saga himself took ill. Emperor Saga's untimely health problems provided former-Emperor Heizei with a unique opportunity to foment a rebellion ; however, forces loyal to Emperor Saga, led by taishōgun Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, quickly defeated the Heizei rebels which thus limited the adverse consequences which would have followed any broader conflict.

The reign of Emperor Kimmei ( 509 – 571 ), the 29th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, is the first for which contemporary historiography are able to assign verifiable dates ; however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as " traditional " until the reign of Emperor Kammu ( 737 – 806 ), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.

The reign of Emperor Kimmei ( 509 ?– 571 ), the 29th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, is the first for which contemporary historiography are able to assign verifiable dates ; however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as " traditional " until the reign of Emperor Kammu ( 737 – 806 ), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.

The reign of Emperor Kimmei ( 509 ?– 571 ), the 29th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, is the first for which contemporary historiography are able to assign verifiable dates ; however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as " traditional " until the reign of Emperor Kammu ( 737 – 806 ), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.

The reign of Emperor Kimmei ( 509 – 571 ), the 29th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, is the first for which contemporary historiography are able to assign verifiable dates ; however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as " traditional " until the reign of Emperor Kammu ( 737 – 806 ), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.

The reign of Emperor Kimmei ( 509 ?– 569 ), the 29th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, is the first for which contemporary historiography are able to assign verifiable dates ; however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as " traditional " until the reign of Emperor Kammu ( 737 – 806 ), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.