For English, this is partly because the Great Vowel Shift occurred after the orthography was established, and because English has acquired a large number of loanwords at different times, retaining their original spelling at varying levels.

Diacritics are usually disregarded ( this is usually not relevant for English anagrams ), and standard orthography is to be used.

The word was formerly written in English as " Accomptant ", but in process of time the word, which was always pronounced by dropping the " p ", became gradually changed both in pronunciation and in orthography to its present form ( see also comptroller ).

This would offer immigrants an opportunity to learn to read and write English, he said, the orthography of which is often less phonetically consistent than those of many other languages.

English has a comparatively deep orthography within the Latin alphabet writing system, with a complex orthographic structure that employs spelling patterns at several levels: principally, letter-sound correspondences, syllables, and morphemes.

* Digraph ( orthography ), a pair of characters used together to represent a single sound, such as " sh " in English

English orthography is the alphabetic spelling system used by the English language.

As in most alphabetic languages, letters in English orthography may represent a particular sound.

However, unlike some orthographies, English orthography often represents a very abstract underlying representation ( or morphophonemic form ) of English words.

In the orthography for Elfdalian, the ð represents a voiced dental fricative like th in English " them ", and it follows d in the alphabet.

The orthography utilizes diacritics, which make digraphs such as English ch and sh unnecessary.

Because of French influence, English orthography shares this feature.

With this new vocabulary, additional vocabulary borrowed from Latin ( with Greek, another approximately one-third of Modern English vocabulary, though some borrowings from Latin and Greek date from later periods ), a simplified grammar, and use of the orthographic conventions of French instead of Old English orthography, the language became Middle English ( the language of Chaucer ).

The " difficulty " of English as a written language thus began in the High Middle Ages, when French orthographic conventions were used to spell a language whose original, more suitable orthography had been forgotten after centuries of nonuse.

In this orthography, upper and lower case letters are not interchangeable ( uppercase letters mostly represent sounds different from those expected by English speakers ).

Although the vowel was originally written in the English orthography as " oo " ( in spellings such as coola or koolah ), it was changed to " oa " possibly due to an error.

Sometimes there may be variation in a language's orthography, as between American and British spelling in the case of English.

In some cases orthography is regulated by bodies such as language academies, although for many languages ( including English ) there are no such authorities, and orthography develops through less formal processes.

The History takes too much for granted to serve as a text for other than English schoolboys, and like Britain in the nineteenth century it deteriorates badly as it goes beyond 1870.

And like this English master, Mason realizes his subjects in large, simplified masses which, though they seem effortless, are in reality the result of skilled design born of hard work and a thorough distillation of the natural form that inspired them.

In other words, like automation machines designed to work in tandem, they shared the same programming, a mutual understanding not only of English words, but of the four stresses, pitches, and junctures that can change their meaning from black to white.

Much like the relationship between British English and American English, the Austrian and German varieties differ in minor respects ( e. g., spelling, word usage and grammar ) but are recognizably equivalent and largely mutually intelligible.

Later General Baptists such as John Griffith, Samuel Loveday, and Thomas Grantham defended a Reformed Arminian theology that reflected more the Arminianism of Arminius than that of the later Remonstrants or the English Arminianism of Arminian Puritans like John Goodwin or Anglican Arminians such as Jeremy Taylor and Henry Hammond.

There are many other allophonic processes in English, like lack of plosion, nasal plosion, partial devoicing of sonorants, complete devoicing of sonorants, partial devoicing of obstruents, lengthening and shortening vowels, and retraction.

Affixes may be derivational, like English-ness and pre -, or inflectional, like English plural-s and past tense-ed.

However her novels, like those of her sisters, have become classics of English literature.

" The English Renaissance was, he said, " like the Italian Renaissance before it, a sort of rebirth of the spirit of man ".

Notable American restaurant chefs include Thomas Keller, Charlie Trotter, Grant Achatz, Alfred Portale, Paul Prudhomme, Paul Bertolli, Frank Stitt, Alice Waters, and celebrity chefs like Mario Batali, Alton Brown, Emeril Lagasse, Cat Cora, Michael Symon, Bobby Flay, Ina Garten, Todd English, Sandra Lee, and Paula Deen.

E. Chantre in 1894 picked up lustreless ware, like that of Hissariik, in central Phtygia and at Pteria, and the English archaeological expeditions, sent subsequently into north-western Anatolia, have never failed to bring back ceramic specimens of Aegean appearance from the valleys of the Rhyndncus, Sangarius and Halys.

The term came to denote the season in 16th century England, a contraction of Middle English expressions like " fall of the leaf " and " fall of the year ".

Anglo-Saxon ᴁcerntun might become Middle English Akerenton, Akerinton and the like.

Controversial Talmud passages previously obscured, omitted entirely or confined to footnotes in English translations like the Soncino Talmud, receive full exposition in the Steinsaltz Talmud.

Though some deplore the name, arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood, it has its own entry in the Oxford English Dictionary.

In fact, the English alphabet has fewer consonant letters than English has consonant sounds, so digraphs like " ch ", " sh ", " th ", and " zh " are used to extend the alphabet, and some letters and digraphs represent more than one consonant.

The 21 consonant letters in the English alphabet are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Z, and usually W and Y: The letter Y stands for the consonant in " yoke ", the vowel in " myth " and the vowel in " funny ", and " yummy " for both consonant and vowel, for examples ; W almost always represents a consonant except in rare words ( mostly loanwords from Welsh ) like " crwth " " cwm ".

On the other, there are approximants that behave like consonants in forming onsets but are articulated very much like vowels, as the y in English yes.

For example, 沙发 ／ 沙發 " sofa " and 马达 ／ 馬達 " motor " in Shanghainese sound more like their English counterparts.

In Mandarin Chinese it is pronounced something like " chee " in English, but the tongue position is different.

German haben ( like English have ) in fact comes from PIE * kap, ' to grasp ', and its real cognate in Latin is capere, ' to seize, grasp, capture '.

To him, law is the command of the sovereign ( the English monarch ) who personifies the power of the nation, while sovereignty is the power to make law -- i.e., to prevail over internal groups and to be free from the commands of other sovereigns in other nations.

Trevelyan is militantly sure of the superiority of English institutions and character over those of other peoples.

On the other hand, the consensus of opinion is that, used with caution and in conjunction with other types of evidence, the native sources still provide a valid rough outline for the English settlement of southern Britain.

Sociological jargon, Germano-Slavic approximations to English, third-rate but modish fiction, and outrages to common sense have often disfigured Partisan, and in lesser degree, the other magazines on the list.

It works with English, Russian, German, Hungarian or almost any other foreign tongue.

`` Oh yes, the other day I reread some of Emerson's English Traits, and there was an anecdote about a group of English and Americans visiting Germany, more than a hundred years ago.

This seems odd when one recalls that he wrote poetry longer than any other major English poet: `` Domicilium '' is dated `` between 1857 and 1860 '' ; ;

I have found myself saying with other foreigners here that English Catholics are good Catholics.

there was no Martian concept to match it -- unless one took `` church '' and `` worship '' and `` God '' and `` congregation '' and many other words and equated them to the totality of the only world he had known during growing-waiting then forced the concept back into English in that phrase which had been rejected ( by each differently ) by Jubal, by Mahmoud, by Digby.

An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court or court of appeals ( American English ) or appeal court ( British English ), is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.

Outside of the realm of English studies, A Modest Proposal is a relevant piece included in many comparative and global literature and history courses, as well as those of numerous other disciplines in the arts, humanities, and even the social sciences.

Some adaptations of the Latin alphabet are augmented with ligatures, such as æ in Old English and Icelandic and Ȣ in Algonquian ; by borrowings from other alphabets, such as the thorn þ in Old English and Icelandic, which came from the Futhark runes ; and by modifying existing letters, such as the eth ð of Old English and Icelandic, which is a modified d. Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian, and Italian, which uses the letters j, k, x, y and w only in foreign words.

At the other extreme are languages such as English, where the spelling of many words simply has to be memorized as they do not correspond to sounds in a consistent way.

It differs from other dialects in vocabulary and pronunciation: it appears to be spoken slightly nasally, and could be compared to the Queen's English.

English 2. 9 % ( closely related to German and other Indo-European languages ).

In modern English, " Americans " generally refers to residents of the United States, and among native speakers of English this usage is almost universal, with any other use of the term requiring specification of the subject under discussion.