The Italians suffered about 7, 000 killed and 1, 500 wounded in the battle and subsequent retreat back into Eritrea, with 3, 000 taken prisoner ; Ethiopian losses have been estimated around 4, 000 – 5, 000, but with 8, 000 wounded.

Eritrea and Ethiopia — two of the world's poorest countries — spent hundreds of millions of dollars on the war, and suffered tens of thousands of casualties as a direct consequence of the conflict, which resulted in minor border changes.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church claims to possess the Ark of the Covenant, or Tabot, in Axum, not far from the border with Eritrea.

Following the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia in 1993, the newly independent Eritrean government appealed to Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria for Eritrean Orthodox autocephaly.

There is one road to Somalia at Layado ; three roads to Ethiopia: south from Ali Sabieh parallel to the railway to Dewele, N1 to Deda ' i on Ethiopia No 2, and an unimproved track north-west from Balho to Ethiopia No 2 ; and two to Eritrea: an unpaved track overland from Tadjoura via Randa and Assa Gaila to Aseb, and a coastal track from Obock to Aseb ;

A comparison of four successful programs against malaria in Brazil, India, Eritrea, and Vietnam does not endorse any single strategy but instead states, " Common success factors included conducive country conditions, a targeted technical approach using a package of effective tools, data-driven decision-making, active leadership at all levels of government, involvement of communities, decentralized implementation and control of finances, skilled technical and managerial capacity at national and sub-national levels, hands-on technical and programmatic support from partner agencies, and sufficient and flexible financing.

In Ge ' ez and the modern Ethiosemitic languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea, two forms exist: ፋሲካ (" Fasika ", fāsīkā ) from Greek Pascha, and ትንሣኤ (" Tensae ", tinśā ' ē ), the latter from the Semitic root N-Ś -', meaning " to rise " ( cf.

Cave paintings in central and northwestern Eritrea were also discovered by Italian colonialists indicating a population of hunter gatherers from the Epipaleolithic era in the region.

With the rise of Islam in the 7th century the power of Aksum declined and the Kingdom became isolated, the Dahlak archipelago, northern and western Eritrea, came under increasing control of Islamic powers based in Yemen and Beja lands in Sudan. The Beja were often in alliance with the Umayyads of Arabia who themselves established footholds along stretches of the Eritrean coastline and the Dahlak archipelago while the Funj of Sudan exacted tribute from the adjacent western lowlands of Eritrea.

The Italians took advantage of disorder in northern Ethiopia following the death of Emperor Yohannes IV in 1889 to occupy the highlands and established their new colony, henceforth known as Eritrea, and received recognition from Menelik II, Ethiopia's new Emperor.

The Italian possession of maritime areas previously claimed by Abyssinia / Ethiopia was formalized in 1889 with the signing of the Treaty of Wuchale with Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia ( r. 1889 – 1913 ) after the defeat of Italy by Ethiopia at the battle of Adua where Italy launched an effort to expand its possessions from Eritrea into the more fertile Abyssinian hinterland.

The Italian government wanted to create in Asmara an impressive building, from where the Italian Governors could show the dedication of the Kingdom of Italy to the " colonia primogenita " ( first daughter-colony ) as was called Eritrea.

When the British army conquered Eritrea from the Italians in spring 1941, most of the infrastructures and the industrial areas were extremely damaged.

In 1988 the EPLF captured Afabet, headquarters of the Ethiopian Army in northeastern Eritrea, putting approximately a third of the Ethiopian Army out of action, prompting the Ethiopian Army to withdraw from its garrisons in Eritrea's western lowlands.

His government has also been condemned for allegedly arming and financing the insurgency in Somalia ; the United States is considering labeling Eritrea a " State Sponsor of Terrorism ," however, many experts on the topic have shied from this assertion, stating that " If there is one country where the fighting of extremists and terrorists was a priority when it mattered, it was Eritrea.

* Photos of Italian Eritrea, from the website of the Italians of Eritrea ( in Italian )

strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes ; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993.

The Rashaida first came to Eritrea in the 19th century from the Arabian Coast.

Many of them entered Eritrea from Ethiopia in the 16th century.

The predominantly Biher-Tigrinya populated urban centers in Eritrea are the capital Asmara, Mendefera, Dekemhare, Adi Keyh, Adi Quala and Senafe, while there is a significant population of Biher-Tigrinya in other cities including Keren, and Massawa.

Although forestry is not a significant economic activity in Eritrea, its forested area covers, or 13. 5 percent of the total land area.

However, Eritrea ’ s long coastline clearly offers the opportunity for significant expansion of the fishing industry from its current, largely artisanal, stage.

Remittances from Eritreans abroad and foreign aid form a significant portion of Eritrea ’ s income.

Eritrea maintains a military force on its border with Ethiopia roughly equal in size to Ethiopia's force, which has required a general mobilization of a significant portion of the population.

Eritrea maintains a military force on its border with Ethiopia roughly equal in size to Ethiopia's force, which has required a general mobilization of a significant portion of the population.

Areas with significant tuna-growing cultivation include Mexico, Spain, Sicily and the coasts of Southern Italy, Greece, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Israel, Chile, Brazil, Turkey, as well as in Eritrea and Ethiopia where the fruit is called beles ( Ge ' ez: በለስ ).

Map of economic activities in Ethiopia and Eritrea ( 1976 )

However, amongst communities in the Horn of Africa ( Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia ) and the Arabian Peninsula, khat chewing has a long history as a social custom dating back thousands of years.

The Italians also built many major infrastructural projects in Eritrea, including the Asmara-Massawa Cableway and the Eritrean Railway.

Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation.

As of 2001, some 10 mining companies ( including Canadian and South African firms ) had obtained licenses to prospect for different minerals in Eritrea.

In 2002 Eritrea imported goods worth US $ 533 million, including food, military matériel, fuel, manufactured goods, machinery, and transportation equipment.

During the border conflict and since, Ethiopia has fostered militants against Eritrea ( including ethnic separatists and religiously based organizations ).

Several African countries have enacted legislation against it, including Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Togo, and Uganda.

In 1893, judging that his power over Ethiopia was secure, Menelik repudiated the treaty ; in response the Italians ramped up the pressure on his domain in a variety of ways, including the annexation of small territories bordering their original claim under the Treaty of Wuchale, and finally culminating with a military campaign across the Mareb River into Tigray ( on the border with Eritrea ) in December 1894.

Also called Darius the Great, he ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, parts of the Balkans ( Bulgaria-Romania-Pannonia ), portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt ( Mudrâya ), eastern Libya, coastal Sudan, Eritrea, as well as most of Pakistan, the Aegean Islands and northern Greece / Thrace-Macedonia.

* Fred Hollows ( New Zealand / Australia ) Pioneered programs in Nepal, Eritrea, and Vietnam, and among Australian aborigines, including the establishment of cheap laboratory production of intraocular lenses in Nepal and Eritrea.

The term of the last acting Italian Viceroy of East Africa, including Eritrea and Somalia, ended 27 November 1941 upon surrender to the allies.

Tigrinya (, tigriñā ), also spelled Tigrigna, Tigrnia, Tigrina, Tigriña, less commonly Tigrinian, Tigrinyan, is a Semitic language spoken in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia ( its speakers there are called " Tigrawot, Tegaru ") by the Tigrinya people, where it has official status, and in central Eritrea, where it is one of the two main languages of Eritrea, and among groups of emigrants from these regions, including some of the Beta Israel now living in Israel.

With these may be grouped the music of Sudan and of the Horn of Africa, including the music of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somalia.

Free French colonial forces from the Brigade of the East ( Brigade d ' Orient ) under Colonel Monclar, including the 14th Battalion Légion Etrangère ( 13th Foreign Legion Demi-Brigade ) and the 3rd Battalion de Marche ( from Chad ), fought Italian troops in their colonies of Ethiopia and Eritrea, and Vichy French Forces of French Somaliland.

* Renouncement of claims to colonies ( including Libya, Eritrea and Somaliland );

Measured on a variety of U. N. health indicators, including life expectancy, immunizations and malaria prevention, Eritrea scores as high, and often higher, than its neighbors, including Ethiopia and Kenya.

In 2007 alone, Eritrea walked away from more than $ 200 million in aid, including food from the United Nations, development loans from the World Bank and grants from international charities to build roads and deliver healthcare.

During the border conflict and since, Ethiopia has fostered militants against Eritrea ( including ethnic separatists and religiously based organizations ).

In Russia, as well as other former Soviet Union states, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, other former or current communist states, Albania, Angola, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, East Germany, Kosovo, Laos, Republic of Macedonia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Tanzania and Yemen, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1.

He has worked with the United Nations and non-governmental organizations in some of the world's worst conflict areas including Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Iraq, Burundi, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

From 1893 to 1896, Luigi Amedeo travelled around the world, including Eritrea, then an Italian possession, and Vancouver.