Hofstadter collects and studies cognitive errors ( largely, but not solely, speech errors ), " bon mots " ( spontaneous humorous quips ), and analogies of all sorts, and his long-time observation of these diverse products of cognition, and his theories about the mechanisms that underlie them, have exerted a powerful influence on the architectures of the computational models developed by himself and FARG members.

All FARG computational models share certain key principles, among which are: that human thinking is carried out by thousands of independent small actions in parallel, biased by the concepts that are currently activated ; that activation spreads from activated concepts to less activated " neighbor concepts "; that there is a " mental temperature " that regulates the degree of randomness in the parallel activity ; that promising avenues tend to be explored more rapidly than unpromising ones.

Since the 1995 book Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies describing the work of the Fluid Analogies Research Group ( FARG ) book, work on Copycat-like models has continued: as of 2008 the latest models are Phaeaco ( a Bongard problem solver ), SeqSee ( number sequence extrapolation ), George ( geometric exploration ), and Musicat ( a melodic expectation model ).

Hofstadter is College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Science and Comparative Literature at Indiana University in Bloomington, where he directs the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition which consists of himself and his graduate students, forming the " Fluid Analogies Research Group " ( FARG ).

A future FARG goal is to build a single generic FARGitecture software framework to facilitate experimentation.

High Standard has also added two models to its line.

We devote a chapter to the binomial distribution not only because it is a mathematical model for an enormous variety of real life phenomena, but also because it has important properties that recur in many other probability models.

Oceanic models have shown that the opening of these two passages limited polar heat convergence and caused a cooling of sea surface temperatures by several degrees ; other models have shown that CO < sub > 2 </ sub > levels also played a significant role in the glaciation of Antarctica < sup >.</ sup >

( b ) Sacred furniture, such as models or actual examples of ritual objects ; of these we have also numerous pictorial representations.

Acrylic paints are also used in hobbies such as: train, car, house, and human models.

These post-acute withdrawal symptoms have also been demonstrated in animal models of alcohol dependence and withdrawal.

In the early 1990s a small number of BBSes were also running on the Commodore Amiga models 500, 1000 and 1200 ( using external hard drives ), and the Amiga 2000, Amiga 3000 and Amiga 4000 ( which had built-in hard drives ).

Evidence of varying models of boats has also been discovered in various Indus Valley sites.

* The idea of replicant models being mass-produced, and in particular a woman identical to Rachael existing, is also from Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

Bootstrapping can also be a supplement for econometric models.

The Jansenist and Gallican influence was also strongly felt in Italy and in Germany, where Breviaries based on the French models were published at Cologne, Münster, Mainz and other towns.

The ekpyrotic and cyclic models are also considered adjuncts to inflation.

Theoretical models have also been developed to study the physics of phase transitions, such as the Landau-Ginzburg theory, Critical exponents and the use of mathematical techniques of quantum field theory and the renormalization group.

Other approaches gaining in popularity include the use of dynamical systems theory and also techniques putting symbolic models and connectionist models into correspondence ( Neural-symbolic integration ).

Bayesian models, often drawn from machine learning, are also gaining popularity.

Its invention is credited to Fukushima Dembei Kunitaka, pupil, of Hojo Awa no Kami Ujifusa, but it is also said to be derived directly from foreign models.

The DECtape was also widely used on other PDP models, since it was much easier to use than hand-loading multiple paper tapes.

Historically, RT-11 also served as the inspiration for many microcomputer OS's, as these were generally being written by programmers who cut their teeth on one of the many PDP-11 models.

There are also various models of breathalyzer units that are available for consumer use.

Digital techniques, such as ray-tracing ( graphics ) | ray tracing, can also render 3D models with shallow depth of field for the same effect.

The dominant database language is the standard SQL for the Relational model, which has influenced database languages also for other data models.

* Star schemas, which are also known as fact-dimension models and have been extended to snowflake schemas

These models also featured an innovation with a generator that doubled up as a self-starter, which was mounted directly on the crankshaft.

Designers and manufacturers have produced models for purchasers who run the gamut from a nautical version of the elderly Pasadena lady who never drove more than five miles an hour on her once-a-month ride around the block, to the sportiest boatman who insists on all the dash, color, flair and speed possible to encompass in a single boat.

The disadvantages to this method are that you may not have as great a choice of models readily available or you may have to wait a few days or, during the busy tourist season, when cars are in great demand, you might find it fairly difficult to get a car at all.

Probably, in the immediate future, we will have to settle for middle-range efforts that fall short of utopian models.

( Older models have another 4-bead wire for quarter-kopeks, which were minted until 1916.

Orbitals of multi-electron atoms are qualitatively similar to those of hydrogen, and in the simplest models, they are taken to have the same form.

For example, some makers have begun producing models with redcedar or mahogany tops, or with spruce variants other than Sitka.

Given the complexity of the calculations involved and the convoluted structure that a convertible bond can have, an arbitrageur often relies on sophisticated quantitative models in order to identify bonds that are trading cheap versus their theoretical value.

The models the team will produce will have broad applications, including inputting into the design of seafloor engineering by oil and gas companies.

Precise modern models of the Big Bang appeal to various exotic physical phenomena that have not been observed in terrestrial laboratory experiments or incorporated into the Standard Model of particle physics.

Some models have very high thermal insulation performance suitable for zero-energy buildings.

However, Astbury did not have the necessary data on the bond geometry of the amino acids in order to build accurate models, especially since he did not then know that the peptide bond was planar.

The " Blues " have flown nine different demonstration aircraft and five support aircraft models:

Also, some users complain that the resulting prints are difficult to write on, as the wax tends to repel inks from pens, and are difficult to feed through automatic document feeders, but these traits have been significantly reduced in later models.

Similarly, models of condensed matter systems have been studied where collective excitations behave like photons and electrons, thereby describing electromagnetism as an emergent phenomenon.

Nevertheless, many contemporary socio-cultural anthropologists have rejected earlier models of ethnography as treating local cultures as bounded and isolated.

Critics argue that there are some phenomena which are better captured by symbolic models, and that connectionist models are often so complex as to have little explanatory power.