Within each of the subfields, various philosophical approaches can be used in research ; therefore, an urban geographer could be a Feminist or Marxist geographer, etc.

Feminist economics is the critical study of economics including its methodology, epistemology, history and empirical research, attempting to overcome pervasive androcentric ( male and patriarchal ) biases.

Feminist economists pushed for and produced gender aware theory and analysis, broadened the focus on economics and sought pluralism of methodology and research methods.

* Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy, a scholarly publication for research in feminism and philosophy

However, other journals such as Law, Culture and the Humanities, Unbound: The Harvard Journal of the Legal Left, The National Lawyers Guild Review, Social and Legal Studies and the Australian Feminist Law Journal all published avowedly critical legal research.

Feminist survey research.

In the Spring 2002 issue commemorating the magazine's 30th year, Gloria Steinem and Feminist Majority president Eleanor Smeal noted the magazine's increased ability to " share research and resources, expand investigative journalism, and bring its readers the personal experience that has always been the source of the women's health movement.

Feminist researchers embrace two key tenets: ( 1 ) their research should focus on the condition of women in society, and ( 2 ) their research must be grounded in the assumption, that women generally experience subordination.

Feminist psychology critiques the fact that historically psychological research has been done from a male perspective with the view that males are the norm.

# Feminist research should be grounded in the situated experience of women and other groups marginalized by conventional gender structures.

# Feminist researchers should engage in self-reflexivity, recognizing their personal social positions, interests, and values, and discussing how these interact with their research.

Feminist archaeologists continue to challenge archaeological norms and expand research into new intellectual territories.

In addition to her writing career, Cathy Young is a research associate at the Washington, D. C .- based libertarian think tank Cato Institute, for which she co-authored a 1996 policy analysis paper, " Feminist Jurisprudence: Equal Rights or Neo-Paternalism ?".

Her research has focused primarily on Feminist Liberation Theology and Spiritualities, but has also encompassed Ecofeminist theology, Ecological theology and Spirituality, Indian Liberation theology, Jewish-Christian dialogue, Systematic theology from a Feminist perspective and the relationship between Social Justice and theology.

Feminist scholars began taking cues from the new theories arising from these movements to analyzing film.

Feminist theory, which emerged from these feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience ; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues such as the social construction of sex and gender.

Feminist theorists have paid close attention to these mechanisms.

" Feminist economists often extend these criticisms to many aspects of the social world, arguing that power relations are an endemic and important feature of society.

Feminist economists modify these assumptions to account for exploitative sexual and gender relations, single-parent families, same-sex relationships, familial relations with children, and the consequences of reproduction.

Feminist philosophers such as Judith Butler and Simone de Beauvoir contend that femininity and masculinity are created through repeated performances of gender ; these performances reproduce and define the traditional categories of sex and / or gender.

The evolution of these programs are well documented in " Minds of her own: Inventing Feminist Scholarship and Women's Studies in Canada and Quebec, 1966-76 ", edited by Wendy Robbins, Meg Luxton, Margrit Eichler and Francine Descarries, published by Wilfrid Laurier University Press ( 2008 ).

Feminists in the past have worked within these traditions by revising and criticizing female representations, or lack thereof, in the male traditions ( that is, in the Feminine and Feminist phases ).

Two of these are considered classics: “ On the Origins of Social Movements ” and “ The Political Culture of the Democratic and Republican Parties .” Women: A Feminist Perspective went into five editions and for many years was the leading introductory women ’ s studies textbook.

" Feminist economics holds that such a reformation provides a better description of the actual experiences of both men and women in the market, arguing that mainstream economics overemphasizes the role of individualism, competition and selfishness of all actors.

Hacking observes, " the label ' social constructionism ' is more code than description " of every Leftist, Marxist, Freudian, and Feminist PostModernist to call into question every moral, sex, gender, power, and deviant claim as just another essentialist claim — including the claim that members of the male and female sex are inherently different, rather than historically and socially constructed.

Probably the best description Showalter gives of gynocritics is in Toward a Feminist Poetics:

" Feminist economists have criticized the SNA for this exclusion, because by leaving out unpaid work, basic and necessary labor is ignored.

RW persistently presses to form alliances and united fronts, including early efforts such as the Action Childcare Coalition, the Feminist Coordinating Council ( an umbrella organization made up of the whole spectrum of women ’ s groups in Seattle ), and the Coalition for Protective Legislation ( a labor and feminist effort to extend female-designated workplace safeguards to men after passage of the Washington State Equal Rights Amendment ).

Feminist theory typically characterizes patriarchy as a social construction, which can be overcome by revealing and critically analyzing its manifestations.

Feminist science fiction is a sub-genre of science fiction which tends to deal with women's roles in society.

Other forms loosely based on Gardner's teachings are Faery Wicca, Kemetic Wicca, Judeo-Paganism or " jewitchery ", Dianic Wicca or " Feminist Wicca " – which emphasizes the divine feminine, often creating women-only or lesbian-only groups.

* Feminist criticism – rooted in the feminist movement, which seeks to improve conditions for women and change existing power relations between men and women.

Although it was not the first or longest of her works, without question Gilman's most famous piece is her short story The Yellow Wallpaper, which became a best-seller of the Feminist Press.

Feminist thinking, on the other hand, may object to such models as patriarchal and posit against them emotionally-attuned, responsive, and consensual empathetic guidance, which is sometimes associated with matriarchies.

Schyman left the Left Party in 2004 and in 2005 co-founded Feminist Initiative, an organization which at its first congress decided to contest the coming parliamentary elections.

Feminist economists call attention to the social constructions of traditional economics, questioning the extent to which it is positive and objective, and showing how its models and methods are biased towards masculine preferences.

Feminist economists argue that people are more complex than such models, and call for " a more holistic vision of an economic actor, which includes group interactions and actions motivated by factors other than greed.

Feminist economics also includes study of norms relevant to economics, challenging the traditional view that material incentives will reliably provide the goods we want and need ( consumer sovereignty ), which does not hold true for many people.

Feminist economists join the UN and others in acknowledging care work, as a kind of work which includes all tasks involving caregiving, as central to economic development and human well-being.

The civil liberties organization Foundation for Individual Rights in Education has named Colorado College on its Red Alert list for several years over its treatment of two students who distributed a satirical flyer which parodied the college's Feminist and Gender Studies newsletter.

Chicago would also co-found the Woman's Building in 1973, which housed the Feminist Studio Workshop which allowed women to explore their artistic abilities and the meaning of being a woman through art.

( Children's book which was recognized as one of the " best feminist books for young readers, 2007 ," awarded by the Amelia Bloomer Project of the Feminist Task Force of the American Library Association.

Feminist author Susan Faludi called RoboCop one of " an endless stream of war and action movies " in which " women are reduced to mute and incidental characters or banished altogether.

Kunin is the author of the books " The New Feminist Agenda: Defining the Next Revolution for Women, Work, and Family " ( 2012 ), " Pearls, Politics, and Power: How Women Can Win and Lead " ( 2008 ) and " Living a Political Life " ( 1995 ) which chronicles her career prior to joining the U. S. Department of Education.

* Feminism – Feminist therapy is an orientation arising from the disparity between the origin of most psychological theories ( which have male authors ) and the majority of people seeking counseling being female.

Feminist writers such as Robin Lakoff ( 1975 ) in her book " Language and Woman's Place " notably raised the issue of the ways in which " lady " is not used as the counterpart of " gentleman ".

Many historians view the second-wave feminist era in America as ending in the early 1980s with the intra-feminism disputes of the Feminist Sex Wars over issues such as sexuality and pornography, which ushered in the era of third-wave feminism in the early 1990s.

Many historians view the second-wave feminist era in America as ending in the early 1980s with the intra-feminism disputes of the Feminist Sex Wars over issues such as sexuality and pornography, which ushered in the era of third-wave feminism in the early 1990s.

Feminist SF authors imagined cultures in which homo-and bisexuality and a variety of gender models were the norm.

Hughes ' novel, out of print for decades, was re-released by The Feminist Press at CUNY in 2003, which edition is still in print as of April 2007.