In the 2001 film Hannibal, Hannibal Lecter sends Clarice Starling a letter which he writes while intentionally wearing a hand lotion containing ambergris, correctly assuming that this would ultimately aid her in discovering his location in Florence, Italy, due to it being legal only in few parts of the world.

Almost all the writers and poets in the Italian literature of the golden age are in some way connected with Florence, leading ultimately to the adoption of the Florentine dialect, above all the local dialects, as a literary language of choice.

Once Siena had been conquered by Florence under the rule of the Medici family in 1555, Montalcino held out for almost four years, but ultimately fell to the Florentines, under whose control it remained until the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was amalgamated into a united Italy in 1861.

In 1970, after her film roles dwindled, and after turning down the role of Carol Brady on The Brady Bunch, a role that ultimately went to her best friend, Florence Henderson, Jones was more than happy to be the producers ' first choice to audition for the lead role of Shirley Partridge in The Partridge Family, an ABC sitcom based on the real-life musical family The Cowsills.

The florin, based on a French coin and ultimately on coins issued in Florence, Italy, in 1252, was a standard coin ( 3. 5g fine gold ) widely used internationally.

Because of his activity in Florence, the numerous intermedi that he wrote for the Medici and other members of the aristocracy, his dedication of a book of ricercars to Count Giovanni de ' Bardi, and the dedication of a book of madrigals to Emilio de ' Cavalieri, it is likely that he was a member of the Florentine Camerata, the group of progressive musicians and poets who, in attempting to recreate the music of ancient Greece, created the first monody and ultimately the first opera.

The university seal, bearing one of the university's previous names, Florence State College, is displayed in the masonry bordering Guillot University Center. Progress continued apace toward the comprehensive university the institution ultimately would become.

Through her father, Eleonora also provided the Medici with a powerful link to Spain, at that time ultimately in control of Florence, so that the marriage offered Cosimo I the opportunity to show sufficient loyalty to and trust in Spain that Spanish troops could be withdrawn from the province.

where he would meet Florence Eleanor Chaplin who would become his first wife.

A wooden model of Florence as it would have probably looked during Roman times, showing the ancient amphitheatre

Shortly before leaving Florence, as they knew that they would soon have to retreat, the Germans murdered many freedom fighters and political opponents publicly, in streets and squares including the Piazza Santo Spirito.

Rossini's final resting place, in the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence Rossini himself correctly predicted that his Barber of Seville would continue to find favor with posterity, telling a friend:

Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language, and thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the official language of Italy.

As in Venus in Furs, he traveled in the third-class compartment, while she had a seat in first-class, arriving in Venice ( Florence, in the novel ), where they were not known, and would not arouse suspicion.

As in painting, early Italian Mannerist sculpture was very largely an attempt to find an original style that would top the achievement of the High Renaissance, which in sculpture essentially meant Michelangelo, and much of the struggle to achieve this was played out in commissions to fill other places in the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, next to Michelangelo's David.

If, as is widely thought, he is the author of the frescoes Stories of the Virgin and Story of Saint Stephen in the Cappella dell ' Assunta, Florence, then he would have visited nearby Prato sometime between 1435 and 1440.

Beginning in Florence, there was an attempt to revive the dramatic and musical forms of Ancient Greece, through the means of monody, a form of declaimed music over a simple accompaniment ; a more extreme contrast with the preceding polyphonic style would be hard to find ; this was also, at least at the outset, a secular trend.

Fleming took the ideas supplied by Florence and converted them into what would become the " Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine ( A. A. O. N. M. S .)".

Renaissance painters traditionally began an apprenticeship with an established master at about the age of 12 ; Masaccio would likely have had to move to Florence to receive his training, but he was not documented in the city until he joined the painters guild ( the Arte de ' Medici e Speziali ) as an independent master on January 7, 1422, signing as " Masus S. Johannis Simonis pictor populi S. Nicholae de Florentia.

O ' Toole's looks prompted a different reaction from Noël Coward, who after seeing the première of the film quipped " If you had been any prettier, the film would have been called Florence of Arabia ".

Raphael would have been aware of his works in Florence, but in his most original work of these years, he strikes out in a different direction.

Ingres and his wife moved to Florence in 1820 at the urging of the Florentine sculptor Lorenzo Bartolini, an old friend from his years in Paris, who hoped that Ingres would improve his position materially, but Ingres, as before, had to rely on his drawings of tourists and diplomats for support.

Declaring that Florence would be the New Jerusalem, the center of world Christianity and " richer, more powerful, more glorious than ever ", he instituted a puritanical campaign, enlisting the active help of Florentine youth.

This astounding guarantee may have been an allusion to the traditional patriotic myth of Florence as the new Rome which Savonarola would have encountered in his readings in Florentine history.

As he had foreseen, God had chosen Florence, " the navel of Italy ", as his favorite and he repeated: if the city continued to do penance and began the work of renewal it would have riches, glory and power.

Word of his nasty tone got to the King of France, which prompted a most conciliatory letter from Salutati, assuring the King that he meant no harm and that Florence would always be a friend to France.

According to Peter Marshall ( Florence Henderson Show, 2008 ) and Kaye Ballard ( E True Hollywood Story, 2000 ) the comedic actor would sometimes verbally ridicule his friends when inebriated.

His mother promised that she would take him to Florence herself, the moment he was recovered.

Having gained another victory in 542, this time, avoiding stoutly defended Florence, in the valley of Mugello, where Totila showed his nature by treating his prisoners so well that they were induced to serve under his banner, he left a well-defended Tuscany with his enlarged forces, while three of the Byzantine generals withdrew from Florence, dividing their forces, to Perugia, Spoleto, and Rome, cities which Totila would have to take by siege.

Its long loggia would have been a rare sight in the tight and curving streets of Florence, not to mention its impressive arches, each about 8 meters high.

The Richard S. Burkes' home in Wayne may be the setting for the wedding reception for their daughter, Helen Lambert, and the young Italian she met last year while studying in Florence during her junior year at Smith college.

Renaissance architects included Alberti, Brunelleschi and Bramante. Many of these artists came from Florence and it remained an important centre for the Renaissance into the 16th century eventually to be overtaken by Rome and Venice.

It can be said of late phase mannerist painting in Florence, that the city that had early breathed life into statuary with the works of masters like Donatello and Michelangelo, was still so awed by them that it petrified the poses of figures in painting.

There have now been recognized in the collections at Cairo, Florence, London, Paris and Bologna several Egyptian imitations of the Aegean style which can be set off against the many debts which the centres of Aegean culture owed to Egypt.

His pictures can be found in Dresden, Braunschweig, Vienna, Florence, Naples and many other towns of both Germany and Italy.

However, at the last moment Charle Steinhauslin, at the time consulate of 26 countries in Florence, convinced the German general in Italy that the Ponte Vecchio was not to be blown up due to its historical value.

Surrounded by hills in a river valley, Florence can be hot and humid from June to August.

It caused a great stir on its arrival in Florence, being reputedly the first living giraffe to be seen in Italy since antiquity.

After Westcott's departure, Mathers appointed Florence Farr to be Chief Adept in Anglia, and Dr. Henry B. Pullen Burry succeeded Westcott as Cancellarius — one of the three Chiefs of the Order.

In regards to baptism of desire, Aquinas stated that only adults were capable of this, and this view seemed to be accepted by the Council of Florence, which quotes Aquinas in its Eleventh Session concerning baptism of infants.

The Ecumenical Council of Florence ( 1442 ) spoke of baptism as necessary even for children and required that they be baptised soon after birth.

Under this perspective the Villa Medici in Fiesole could therefore be considered the " muse " for numerous other buildings, not only in the Florence area, which from the end of the 15th century onwards find inspiration and creative innovation here.

These show the complete sculpture ( with conjectural reconstructions of the missing pieces ) and can be seen in Rhodes, at the Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes, Rome, the Uffizi Gallery in Florence and in front of the Archaeological Museum, Odessa, Ukraine, amongst others.

When, in 1887, the French and Italian Governments agreed upon moving the mortal remains of Rossini into the Basilica di Santa Croce, in Florence, Alboni, then a sixty-one-year-old lady living in seclusion, wrote to the Italian Foreign Minister, Di Robilant, proposing that the Petite Messe Solennelle, " the last musical composition by Rossini ", be performed in Santa Croce the day of the funeral, and " demanding the honour, as an Italian and a pupil of the immortal Maestro ," of singing it herself in her " dear and beloved homeland ".

His body was brought back from Rome for interment at the Basilica of Santa Croce, fulfilling the maestro's last request to be buried in his beloved Florence.

A minority ( including Jean-Jacques Rousseau ) could interpret The Prince as a satire meant to be given to the Medici after their recapture of Florence and their subsequent expulsion of Machiavelli from Florence.

Stephen IX died at Florence on 29 March 1058 and is considered by the current-day Roman Catholic Church to have been succeeded by Pope Nicholas II, though others consider his successor to be Pope Benedict X, officially regarded as an antipope.

Her paintings can be seen at galleries in Bergamo, Budapest, Madrid ( Museo del Prado ), Naples, Siena, and at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.

Her paintings can be seen at galleries in Baltimore ( Walters Art Museum ), Bergamo, Boston ( Museum of Fine Arts ), Brescia ( Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo ), Budapest, Florence ( Uffizi Gallery ), Madrid ( Museo del Prado ), Milan ( Pinacoteca di Brera ), Naples ( National Museum of Capodimonte ), Siena ( Pinacoteca Nazionale ), Southampton ( City Art Gallery ), and Vienna ( Kunsthistorisches Museum ).

* July 7 – Florence of Worcester, long thought to be the author of the chronicle of John of Worcester

Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was instead placed in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence, where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504.

The Medici family, in Renaissance Florence, made the first effort to collect art by private patronage, this way artists could be free for the first time from the money given by the Church and Kings ; this citizenship tradition continues today with the work of private art collectors.